SOC 16: The Structure of the Blood Vessels and Blood Distribution Flashcards
What are the main characteristics of Arteries ?
-Arteries take blood away from the heart
-Arteries have thick walls and more elastic than veins as they carry blood which is at a higher pressire than veins as they carry oxygenated blood
-The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What are the main characteristics of veins ?
-Veins carry blood into the heart
-Veins have much thinner walls , are less elastic and carry blood at a lower pressure
-Veins contain many valves which help deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
-The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.
What are the main characteristics of Capillaries?
-Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
- at one end , capillaries carry carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscles
- At the other end , they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins , picking up waste products and taking them around the body to dispose of them .
- Capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place.
How does the heart pump blood ?
-The heart beats in a ‘ lub dub ‘ rhythm
The first phase in known as the systolic phase . This is where blood is pumped from both atriums into the ventricles (lub). Then both ventricles contract (dub).
The second phase is known as the diastolic phase . This is where the heart is relaxing and refilling with the atria with blood.
What is the importance of red blood cells?
-Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the bodys cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs .
- They contain haemoglobin- a red pigment , which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the importance of white blood cells ?
-The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells
- the have an important function as the defence system of your body
-They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
- if an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train / perform.
What is the importance of platelets?
- Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow
- Tiny fragments that clump together to HELP BLOOD CLOT AND STOP BLEEDING.
- Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound.
-when a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell into irregular shapes , they become sticky and act as a plug .
-If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop the bleeding
What is the importance of plasma?
- The main role of plasma is to take nutrients , hormomes , and proteins to the parts of the body that need it .
- Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps remove this waste from the body .
Immune system
The structures and processes in your body that stop disease
Thrombokinase
Substance involved in blood clotting
Serotonin
Hormone that triggers the clotting process
Plasma
The fluid part of blood
Erythocytce
red blood cell
Haemoglobin
A red protein in the blood that transports oxygen.
Anaemia
A condition where there is a lack of red cells or haemoglobin in the blood
