Soc 11 PED's Flashcards
Why do people take performance enhancing drugs?
-Improve their performance.
-Some people are encouraged to do so by their coaches or fellow
athletes.
-The reward of winning (Gold medal in some sports is said to be
worth a million dollars in endorsements).
-Pressure.
What are anabolic steroids?
-Anabolic steroids: drugs that mimic the male sex hormone
testosterone and promote bone and muscles growth.
-Anabolic steroids are used to enhance performance. Taken to
increase muscles mass and develop bone growth, therefore
increasing strength while at the same time allowing the athlete to
train harder and recover quicker.
-Side effects: increased risk of muscle injury, increased risk of heart
attacks and strokes, high blood pressure and even death!
What is beta blockers?
- Beta blockers: drugs that are used to control the heart rate and
have a calming and relaxing effect.
-Benefits: beta blockers can help targets sports where steadiness
and precision are required, because they reduce heart rate.
-Side effects: nausea, diarrhoea, tiredness, depression, insomnia and
nightmares.
What are narcotics and analgescis?
-Narcotics: drugs that affect mood or behaviour, including
drowsiness and relieving pain.
-Analgesics: drugs that elevate the rate of urine production.
-Benefits: these drugs act by depressing the central nervous system
and give relief from painful injuries, but allowing the injured player
to take part, they can increase the risk of severe or long-lasting
injury.
-side effects: Loss of coordination, loss of balance, loss of
concentration and emotional effects.
What are duretics?
-Diuretics: drugs that elevate the rate of urine production.
-Benefits: this can help performers who need to lose weight.
Diuretics may also be used to reduce the concentration of any
other banned substance that may be present in the urine.
-Side effects: dehydration, which can cause dizziness, muscle
cramps, headaches and nausea,
What are peptide hormones?
Peptide hormones: increases the rate of production of red blood
cells.
What are growth hromones?
Growth hormones (GH): is used to increase their muscles development (very similar to steroids).
What are stimulants?
Stimulants: drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system,
such as/ or physical alertness. E.g. amphetamines, ephedrine and
cocaine, as well as nicotine and caffeine.
What is blood doping?
Blood doping is a banned process - not a banned drug. Blooding doping involves boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to improve performance.
As red blood cells carry 02 to the muscles, having more of these cells in your blood can improve your aerobic capacity and in turn your endurance.
It is well known that if an athlete trains at high altitude the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood increases. For this reason, athletes born at high altitude have a distinct advantage in endurance events.
