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Brain Gainz > Smart Book MSK > Flashcards

Smart Book MSK Flashcards

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1
Q

In studies, disease prevalence between groups only influences ______

A

Predictive value

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2
Q

Which enzyme is fucked up in xeroderma pigmentosum

A

Endonuclease

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3
Q

whats wrong with lynch syndrome?

A

Non heriditary polyposis

MIsmatch repair is fucked up

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4
Q

what kind of toxin is made in Staph scalded skin syndrome

who does it usually effect?

A

Exotoxin that destroys keratinoctyes in Strattum granulosum

children

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5
Q

what are the Rotator cuff muscles and their functions?

A

SITS

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6
Q

What does Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate (PRPP) deal with?

A

This deals with the creation of Purines (AMP GMP)

and you know that an increas of purines will lead to gout

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7
Q

what muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen and what nerve is it next to?

A

The piriformis muscle

Sciatic nerve

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8
Q

whats Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

what gets deposited? whats it associated with?

A

Pruritic papules, vesicles often found on elbows

IgA deposits at tips of dermal papilla

-Celiac dz

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9
Q

whats released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Calcium

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10
Q

What are the heavy hitters that cause contraction in skeletal muscle?

A

myosin II, actin, tropomyosin, troponin

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11
Q

What are the heavy hitters that cause contraction in smooth muscle

A

myosin light chain kinase, calmodulin

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12
Q

What bug is ocidase positive, rod shaped gram negative that makes pigment and associated with pool water

A

psuedomonas bruh cmon

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13
Q

dimorphic fungus that spreads via lymphatics

causes subq nodules. whats the fungus and how is it spread?

A

Sporothrix

thorn prick

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14
Q

How does the clostridium perferinges toxin work?

A

Alpha toxin: Splititng of phospholipids

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15
Q

what happens in graft vs host disease

A

the graft’s T cells get sensitized to the host MHC antigens

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16
Q

develops on chronically sun exposed skin. has rough “sand paper” texture

A

Acitinic Keratosis

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17
Q

What is impaired in Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Formation of the Bone Matrix

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18
Q

what type of exocrine secretion mechanism is acne?

A

Sebaceous glands via Holocrine

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19
Q

if you have a mitochondrial fuck up (ragged muscle fibers) what would explain clinical variability of presentations within offspring

A

maternal inheritance

Heteroplasmy: coexistence of differentversions of mitochondria in a cell

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20
Q

What nerve does carpal tunnel syndrome affect and what is charaterized by CT syndrome

A

Median nerve

pain and parasthesias,

weakness of Thumb abduction and opposition

atrophy of thenar eminence

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21
Q

Lyme dz

where do you normally get it?

what are the stages and how do you treat

A

North east via ixodes tick

1st-target lesions

2nd-bells palsy

3rd-knee swelling

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22
Q

Cafe aulait spots, endocrine problems (early puberty, thyroid problems), fibrous dysplasia

A

Mccune-Albright syndrome

fuck up in the g protein camp pathway

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23
Q

Cox1 vs Cox2

A

Cox 1: assists in normal function of tissues -Gastric mucosal protection, incr. renal perfusion, platelet aggregation

Cox2: works on sites of inflammation- incr renal perfusion, vasodilation, tissue repair. + Pain sensitivity, inflammation

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24
Q

Which CD is fucked up in LAD

A

CD18

leads to leukocytosis (all your leukocytes are floating in blood not able to go fight infections

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25
Q

what causes extra nipples?

A

Failure of involution of mammary ridge

they usually react to periods (estrogen)

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26
Q

What does CREST stand for?

whats the antibodies found it it?

A

Calcinosis, Raynauds, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyl, Telangectasias

Anti-Centromere, Scl-70, DNA topiosiomerase

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27
Q

Antibodies found in serum?

Anti DsDNA

Anti-histone

Anti- Ro/SSA, La/SSB

A

dsDNA - Lupus

histone - Drug induced lupus

Ro/La - Sjorgens

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28
Q

whats caudal regression syndrome?

what causes it?

A

sacral agenesis that causes lower extremity paralysis and urinary incontinence

-Poorly controlled maternal diabetes

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29
Q

What type histology does eczema/ contact dermatitis have when its in a “weepy” wet stage?

A

Spongiosis: accumulation of edema fluid in epidermis

with chronic exposure it turns into acanthosis

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30
Q

what bacteria can cause Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Strep Pyogenes

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31
Q

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

what deficiency can lead to this?

A

a fuck up in collagen synthesis

specifically cross-linking

hyperextensible skin, bleeding easy bruising, hypermobile joints

deficieny of Pro-collagen peptidase (Removes the C- and N- terminals off procollagen)

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32
Q

whats the defect in Marfan syndrome

A

Fibrilin-1

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33
Q

Which cells are involved in Type IV Hypersensitivity?

A

Tcells CD4, 8

Macrophages

34
Q

Seronegative spondyloarthits

whats the HLA? what are they? what serotype do they respond to?

A

HLA- B27

PAIR-psoriasit arthritis, ankylosing, inflam bowel dz, reactive

MHC I serotype

35
Q

Where are melanoma cells derived from?

A

Melanoma is a malignant prolif of melanocytes

which come from Neural crest

36
Q

How does edema factor of toxins work?

A

Incr. cAMP that leads to edema and phagocytic dysfunction

37
Q

Whats Polymyalgia Rheumatica

who is it common in? whats it associated with

how do you treat?

A

Pain and stiffness in the shoulders and hips with fever, malaises.

women over 50

Temporal arteritis: granulomatous inflamation of the media, intimal thickening

Steroids

38
Q

whats the best diagnostic tool for osteomyelitis

A

MRI

39
Q

What antibodies do you get in Rhuematic fever after strep pyogenes

A

Anti-Strepolysin O

40
Q

What causes the deltoid ligament in the foot to rupture?

A

Eversion of the foot

Potts fracture

41
Q

What ligaments are commonly injured in ankle sprains?

A

Later Talofibular ligaments

42
Q

What gets impaired after a Patellar Fracture

A

Inability to extend the knee against gravity

43
Q

whats a treatment of Psoriasis that involves transcription factors?

A

Vit. D analogs such as Calcitriol, Calcipotriene

inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and stimulate differentation

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of Succinylcholine

A

Malignant hyperthermia, Hypercalcemia, HyperKalemia

45
Q

Bisphosphonates have a structure similar to ______

A

Pyrophosphates

(two coins in the cash box on sketchy)

46
Q

Walk through muscle contraction starting with actin blocked by toponin and tropomyosin

A
47
Q

What causes malignant hypercalcemia?

A

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)

48
Q

whats another name for Anti-Jo 1

A

Anti-histidyl TRNA synthetase

49
Q

bones of the hand

A
50
Q

Rheumatoid factor is what kind of antibody

A

its an IgM antibody to the Fc portion of IgG

51
Q

what another name for a bruise?

A

Eccymosis

usually presents without any note of trauma

52
Q

How does myasthenia gravis affect the muscle (beyond just antibodies to Ach receptor post synaptic)

A

It lowers the end plate potential which prevents the muscle for hitting the threshold of the full action potention. so the muscle simply wont contract

53
Q

Chediak higashi

what gene is defective

what skin disorder is associated with?

A

Defect in phagolysoome formation (so you get these Giant granules inside the granulocytes.

lysosomal trafficking gene LYST

Albanism

54
Q

Who gets Strawberry vs Cherry hemangiomas

A

Babies get Strawberry

Adults get Cherry

55
Q

Fibromyalgia

what is it? who gets it?

A

Diffuse muscle aches, fatigue, psych problems (depression)

22-55 yr old women

56
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

where does it usually occur

what are the symptoms

A

Due to the compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus in the scalene triangle

upper extremity numbness, tingling, weakness, atrophyof hand muscles

57
Q

Whats ecthyma gangrenosum

A

Cutaneous necrotic dz thats associated w/ psuedomonas

works by causing vascular destruction which limits blood flow to patches of skin

58
Q

PPIs have been liked to increasing chances of what dz

A

Osteoporosis

59
Q

What virus causes a rash that starts at the face and moves down? why would a person get this?

A

Togavirus

-they werent vaccinated with MMR

60
Q

What are the nerves and arteries of the humerus

Surgical neck

midshaft

distal/cubital fossa

A

Surgical neck: Axilary N. / Posterior Circumflex

Midshaft: Radial N. / Deep brachial A.

Distal: Median N. / Brachial A

ARM

61
Q

When you fuck up the femoral head of the hip bone which artery is messed up that leads to necrosis

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

62
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Dz

A

pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity

due to repetitive contractions of the quads

63
Q

What are the Rotator Cuff muscles

SITS

infraspinatus

A

external rotation

pitching or football

64
Q

In sarcoidosis, you get increased levels of ______ due to _____

A

increased levels of Serum calcium due to increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by activated macrophages

65
Q

Whats parvovirus and what are the age related symptoms

A

ssDNA virus

Children: Slapped cheek (fith dz)

Adults: Acute Athropathy

Anemia: Aplastic crisis

66
Q

tea and toast diet (Scurvy)

what are the symptoms?

where does collagen synthesis occur?

A

fuck up of collagen synthesis

Gum bleeding/ gingival swelling, perifolicular hemorrhages and coiled hair

-occurs in Rough endoplasmic reticulum

67
Q

Xanthomas

A

too much hyperlipidemia

buzz word attached to achilles tendon

check cholesterol levels

68
Q

what happens with long term use of corticosteroid cream on your skin

A

Dermal Atrophy /thinning of the dermis

69
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)

A

Asymptomatic at birth

infants then develop lethargy, constipation, large fontanelle, umbillical hernia

70
Q

Dystonia

A

Prolonged, repetitive muscle contractions

71
Q

Whats Azothioprine?

A

its a precursor to 6-MP which leads to Purine metabolism (gout and shit)

Allopurinol prolongs this

72
Q

whats BRAF

A

a protein kinase involved in melanocyte proliferation

73
Q

What are Brain hemmorahge and Retinal hemmorhage signs for in a baby?

A

Abusive head trauma

74
Q

What artery is fucked up with anterior or posterior dislocation of the tibia?

A

Popliteal

75
Q

Which muscle when messed up will cause winged scapula

whats it innervated by?

A

Serratus anterior

Long thoracic Nerve

76
Q

what bursa is messed up in the knee after repetitive kneeling?

A

Prepatellar bursa

77
Q

radial nerve

A
78
Q

what layers do you pass thru to preform crycothyrotomy intubation?

A

superficial cervical fasica

pretracheal fascia

cricothyroid membrane

79
Q

What is Spinal stenosis? whats messed up in it?

A

posture dependent symptoms

(extension squeezes it more and leaning over helps)

Ligamentum flavum , osteophyte formation, and disc protrusion

80
Q

Where does osteomyelitis tend to occur?

A

in the metaphisis of long bone

due to slower blood flow

81
Q
A

Brain Gainz (30 decks)

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