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Brain Gainz > Endocrine Smart book > Flashcards

Endocrine Smart book Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of receptor is found in Familial hypocalciuric hypercalemia

A

CaSR

Membrane bound receptor coupled w/ G protein

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2
Q

what are the standard deviation percentages in a normal distribution?

A

1 std = 68%

2std= 95%

3std= 99.7%

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3
Q

which nerve is at risk due to thyroidectomy and what muscle does it innervate?

A

external branch of superior laryngeal

cricothyroid muscle

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4
Q

what mechanism does glucose get into cell after insulin binding

A

facilitated diffusion via carrier mediated transport

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5
Q

WHat kind of target do glitazones work on?

A

PPAR-y

Intracellular nuclear regulator

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6
Q

Whats the function of aromatase?

what are the inhibitors?

A

Testosterone–aromatase—>Estradoil

inhbitors: Anastrozole / xemestane

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7
Q

whats the most common cause of type 1 diabetus?

A

Autoimmune destruction of the Beta cells in the islet

“leukocytic infiltration”

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8
Q

where is oxtocin and ADH made?

A

they are made in the hypothalamus

stored in the posterior pituitary

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9
Q

what type of cells are seen on biopsy of

Subacute Dequervian granulomatos thyroditis

A

onset following a viral illness

inflammatory infiltrate with macrophages & Giant cells

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10
Q

what are the signs of glucogonoma

A

throw some D’s on it

Dermatitis, diabetus, DVT, depression, Declining weight

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11
Q

what are the antiandrogen drugs

A
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12
Q

which substance that is secreted by sertoli cells inhibits FSH production

A

inhibin b

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13
Q

why would corticosteroids cause neutrophilia?

A

it inhibts WBC adhesion to the vessel wall so all your neutrophils stay floating in blood

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14
Q

What causes hypothalamic suppression?

ie suppresion of GnRH

A

this can lead to hypothalamic amenorrhea

Caused by: weight loss, strenuous excersice, illness, or poor eating habits

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15
Q

whats a krukenburg tumor?

A

A GI met to the ovaries

mucin filled signet rings (peripheral nuclei)

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16
Q

what is released from mast cells as a result of anaphylaxis

A

histamine and tryptase

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17
Q

by what mechanism due the IgE and recptors cause to stimulate histamine relase from Mast cells?

A

Aggregation via crosslinking of the igE

releasing histamine and tryptase

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18
Q

single nucleotide deltions cause what type of mutations?

A

Frame shift

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19
Q

equation for maintenance dose

loading dose

A

MD= (goal) plasma conct. X Clearace

LD= (goal) plasma conct. X volume distribution

20
Q

when testing for hypothyroidism. which levels should you check due to its high specificity?

A

TSH

21
Q

which clinical presentations are specific for Graves dz (hyperthyroidism)

A

pretibial myxedeme, exopthalmos, periorbital edema

22
Q

what do you use to treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21 hydroxylase deficiency)

A

so with this youre shunting everythint to androgen production (precocious puberty)

in order to treat this you use exogenous corticosteroids to downregulate ACTH production

23
Q

why do men get gynocomastia

A

increased estrogen:androgen ration

too much estrogen causes build up in breast tissue

24
Q

which hyperlipidemia drug can cause gout?

A

Niacin

25
Q

what are the affects of androgen abus? (steroids)

A

Incr. Hematocrit

Acne

testicular atrophy (small balls)

gynecomastia (bitch tits)

deepening of voice

26
Q

which enzyme converts testosterone to DHT

what are the roles of Testosterone, DHT, and estrogen

A

Testosterone–5-a reductuse–> DHT

Testosterone

Development of male internal genitalia, spermatogenisis, development of 2nd male characteristics at puberty

DihydroTestosterone (DHT)

Development of male external genitalia, growth of Prostate, Hair growth

Estrogen

Endometrial proliferation, ovarian granulosa cells, breast development

27
Q

what is calcitriol

A

the active form of Vit D.

given to someone with post op hypoparathyroid

28
Q

which anticholesterol agent increases Triglycerides?

A

Cholestyramine

29
Q

which anticholestoral drug is used for coronary problems? and what are the main side effects?

A

Statins

Incr. CK, myopathy

30
Q

how do the -flozins work and what are the side effects

whats it contraindicated in?

A

inhibit the SGLT2 in the PCT

this causes glucose to not get reabsorbed so you pee it all out.

can lead to UTI, candidiasis, hypotension

contraindicated in renal insufficiency

31
Q

SIADH characterisitcs

A

hyponatriemia, low serum osmolality

Normal body fluid volume

32
Q

pancreatic islet amyloid deposition is associated with which type of Diabetus

A

Type 2

33
Q

Prolactin inhibits which hormone?

A

GnRH

34
Q

which gene mutation is associated w/ Medullary Thyroid carcinoma? and which cancer is this

A

RET mutation

this is a cancer of the “C cells” that make calcitonin

sheets of amyloid stroma

35
Q

what does a urine positive copper reduction test tell you about the urine?

A

that its positve for reducing sugars such as

Fructose, glucose, galactose

36
Q

what is pituitary apoplexy?

A

sudden hemorrhage of pituitary gland

often presents with an existing pituitary adenoma

tx w/ hormone replacement

37
Q

antidiabetic drugs MOAs

A
38
Q

how is propanolol used in hyperthyroidism

A

Beta blockers prevent the conversion of T4 to T3

39
Q

what the fuck are neurophysins?

A

these are transporters that bring Oxytocin and ADH from the hypothalmus to the posterior pituitary

40
Q

why would precocious puberty (too much sex steroids) cause short stature?

A

sex hormones promote growth but they ALSO promote epiphyseal plate closure

41
Q

fyi

increase in estrogen activity via pregnancy or menopause (estrogen/progesteron combo) can lead to

increased levels of Thyroxine-binding-hormone

so you get an increase in total T4

A
42
Q

what do you give to prevent thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine?

A

Potassium Iodide

43
Q

whats a huge side effect of anti thyroid drugs

Thionamides (PTU, methimazole)

A

agranulocytosis

44
Q

polyglonal/ spindle shaped with amyloid deposits

what type of thyroid cancer is this?

A

Medullary

45
Q

whats found in papillary thyroid carcinoma

A

Large, pale nuclei (orphan annie)

Psommoma bodies- calcifications

finely disperesed chromatin

intranuclear inclusions/grooves

Brain Gainz (30 decks)

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