Smart book- Cardiovascular Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What nerves innervate the carotid baroreceptors?

aoritc arch baro?

A

Glossopharyngeal

vagus

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3
Q

what physiologic responses contribute to symptoms of heart failure

A

Sympathetic Nervous symptoms, Renin-angiotensin, ADH

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4
Q

which vessel has the least amount of oxygen in it compared to the highly oxygenated aorta?

A

coronary sinuses

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5
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension

which blockade causes this?

A

drop in blood pressure on standing from the supine postion. Causes pooling of blood in veins below the heart

Alpha blockers

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6
Q

which mutation is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (leading to sudden cardiac death)?

A

mutation in the B-myosin heavy chain (sarcomere protein)

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7
Q

what is a cause of an S3 heart murmur

where is it best heard?

A

Associated with increased-left ventricular systolic volume

(blood left over in LV)

rapid ventricular refilling

-over the APEX in left decibutis postion at end expiration

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8
Q

Whats diastolic HF characterized by?

A
  • normal ejection fraction (since systole works fine)
  • normal end diastolic volumes/increased ED pressure
  • decreased ventricular compliance (cant dialate well)
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9
Q

whats pulmonary arterial hypertension (familial type/gene mutation)

why does it happen

A

HTN in the pulmonary artery

inactivation of BMPR2 gene - causes vascular smooth muscle proliferation

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10
Q

when do you use a chi square test?

A

used to test the association of 2 variables with 2 different outcomes.

2x2 tabe

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11
Q

CT of the heart

whats derived from the embyro cardinal veins

A

Superior venacava

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12
Q

Orthopnea?

which HF is it assocaited with

A

cant breathe when laying flat

LEFT SIDED HF

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14
Q

which class of Anti HTN drugs cause peripheral edema?

A

CCB’s (-dipines or verapamil/diltiazem)

Amlodipine

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15
Q

How do nitrates work

what should you avoid using when taking nitrates?

A

they Incr. cGMP w/ smooth muscle relaxation

-Erectile dysfunction drugs (Sildenifil)

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16
Q

What drug do you use in coronary heart dz when aspirin cant be tolerated?

A

Clopidigrel

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17
Q

which drug do you give when ACE inhibitors produce cough?

A

ARB’s

(losartan, candesartan,valsartan)

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18
Q

What are vericose veins?

what can these lead to?

A

dilated, tortuous veins resulting from impairment of venous valves

-venous stasis ulcers

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19
Q

congenital abnormality thats asymptomatic at birth

holosystolic murmur heard at left lower sternum

A

VSD

20
Q

Which cell type creates the collagen matrix inside a atherosclerotic plaque?

A

Vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize collagen

21
Q

what are the arteries of the head? (pic)

what is the middle menningeal artery a branch of?

A

maxillary

22
Q

What can cause retinal occlusion (which arteries starting with internal carotid)

A

internal cartoid, ophthalmic, retinal

23
Q

What causes beri beri? what are the symptoms?

A

Thiamine (B1 deficiency)

24
Q

Whats pulsus paradoxus

and its relation to Kortokoff sound

what causes pulsus paradoxus

A

-decrease in systolic pressure with inspiration

-if you hear K sounds all throughout phases of breathing you can diagnos pulsus

-pericardial dz

25
Q

most important steps to prevent Catheter infection?

A

proper hand hygiene

full sterile drapping

chlorhexidine skin disinfection

avoidance of femoral artery

26
Q

what are the STEMI ecg lead locations?

A

Aneteroseptal (LAD): V1-V2

Anteroapical (Distal LAD) V3-V4

Anterolateral (LAD or LCX) V5-V6

Lateral (LCX) I, avL

InFerior (RCA) II, III, avF

Posterior (PDA) V7-V9

27
Q

Bad car crash, where would a person most likely damage the aorta causing it to rupture?

A

due to the Ligamentum arteriosum it will pull and rip open the aorta. at the Aortic Isthmus just pass the left subclavian

28
Q

a patient has BPH and Hypertension

what would be the best drug to give him

A

alpha blocker - Doxazosin

29
Q

aortic arches

A
30
Q

characteristics of Abdominal aoritc aneurysm

A

Transmural inflamation of the aortic wall

loss of elastin

31
Q

Which organ is spared in Polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Lungs

32
Q

Selected inherited disorders and their Heart effects

A
33
Q

How does adenosine work as a cardiac drug

A

It works on phase 4 by acting on K channels to prolong repolarization

34
Q

which part of the heart is the most anterior

A

Right ventricle

35
Q

Lowering PaCO2 decreases ICP

via cerebral vasoconstriction

A
36
Q

Concentric vs Eccentric heart growth

A

Concentric is due to pressure overload

(Hypertension / Aortic stenosis)

_____

Eccentric is due to volume overload

(Aortic or mitral regurg / Dilated cardiomy / MI)

37
Q

what substances are the two major modulators of coronary blood flow?

A

Adenosine and NO

38
Q

Left vs Right coronary dominance is judged by which coronary atery supplies the PDA (posterior decending artery)

A

Most people are Right coronary dominant

(so their right CA supples the av node)

____

if youre left dominant then your left circumflex supples the PDA along with the av node

39
Q

what are the most common cause of subungual splinter hemmoraghes?

A

microemboli due to vegatations on heart valves from

endocarditis

40
Q

whats the symptoms of Kartageners syndrome

A

lack of dynein arms

infertitility, situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchietasis

41
Q

Whats myocardium hibernation

A

chronic myocardial ischemia that leads to decreased contractility (LV systolic function)

42
Q

when a person has an TIA/infart/brain hemoraghe with a known DVT

A

Paroxsymal embolism

when the thrombosis goes from venous (duh) into arterial circulation via ASD or shunts

Fixed splitting