Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Brain Gainz > Smart book- Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Smart book- Cardiovascular Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What nerves innervate the carotid baroreceptors?

aoritc arch baro?

A

Glossopharyngeal

vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what physiologic responses contribute to symptoms of heart failure

A

Sympathetic Nervous symptoms, Renin-angiotensin, ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which vessel has the least amount of oxygen in it compared to the highly oxygenated aorta?

A

coronary sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension

which blockade causes this?

A

drop in blood pressure on standing from the supine postion. Causes pooling of blood in veins below the heart

Alpha blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which mutation is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (leading to sudden cardiac death)?

A

mutation in the B-myosin heavy chain (sarcomere protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a cause of an S3 heart murmur

where is it best heard?

A

Associated with increased-left ventricular systolic volume

(blood left over in LV)

rapid ventricular refilling

-over the APEX in left decibutis postion at end expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Whats diastolic HF characterized by?

A
  • normal ejection fraction (since systole works fine)
  • normal end diastolic volumes/increased ED pressure
  • decreased ventricular compliance (cant dialate well)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

whats pulmonary arterial hypertension (familial type/gene mutation)

why does it happen

A

HTN in the pulmonary artery

inactivation of BMPR2 gene - causes vascular smooth muscle proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when do you use a chi square test?

A

used to test the association of 2 variables with 2 different outcomes.

2x2 tabe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CT of the heart

whats derived from the embyro cardinal veins

A

Superior venacava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Orthopnea?

which HF is it assocaited with

A

cant breathe when laying flat

LEFT SIDED HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which class of Anti HTN drugs cause peripheral edema?

A

CCB’s (-dipines or verapamil/diltiazem)

Amlodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do nitrates work

what should you avoid using when taking nitrates?

A

they Incr. cGMP w/ smooth muscle relaxation

-Erectile dysfunction drugs (Sildenifil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drug do you use in coronary heart dz when aspirin cant be tolerated?

A

Clopidigrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which drug do you give when ACE inhibitors produce cough?

A

ARB’s

(losartan, candesartan,valsartan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are vericose veins?

what can these lead to?

A

dilated, tortuous veins resulting from impairment of venous valves

-venous stasis ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

congenital abnormality thats asymptomatic at birth

holosystolic murmur heard at left lower sternum

A

VSD

20
Q

Which cell type creates the collagen matrix inside a atherosclerotic plaque?

A

Vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize collagen

21
Q

what are the arteries of the head? (pic)

what is the middle menningeal artery a branch of?

A

maxillary

22
Q

What can cause retinal occlusion (which arteries starting with internal carotid)

A

internal cartoid, ophthalmic, retinal

23
Q

What causes beri beri? what are the symptoms?

A

Thiamine (B1 deficiency)

24
Q

Whats pulsus paradoxus

and its relation to Kortokoff sound

what causes pulsus paradoxus

A

-decrease in systolic pressure with inspiration

-if you hear K sounds all throughout phases of breathing you can diagnos pulsus

-pericardial dz

25
Q

most important steps to prevent Catheter infection?

A

proper hand hygiene

full sterile drapping

chlorhexidine skin disinfection

avoidance of femoral artery

26
Q

what are the STEMI ecg lead locations?

A

Aneteroseptal (LAD): V1-V2

Anteroapical (Distal LAD) V3-V4

Anterolateral (LAD or LCX) V5-V6

Lateral (LCX) I, avL

InFerior (RCA) II, III, avF

Posterior (PDA) V7-V9

27
Q

Bad car crash, where would a person most likely damage the aorta causing it to rupture?

A

due to the Ligamentum arteriosum it will pull and rip open the aorta. at the Aortic Isthmus just pass the left subclavian

28
Q

a patient has BPH and Hypertension

what would be the best drug to give him

A

alpha blocker - Doxazosin

29
Q

aortic arches

A
30
Q

characteristics of Abdominal aoritc aneurysm

A

Transmural inflamation of the aortic wall

loss of elastin

31
Q

Which organ is spared in Polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Lungs

32
Q

Selected inherited disorders and their Heart effects

A
33
Q

How does adenosine work as a cardiac drug

A

It works on phase 4 by acting on K channels to prolong repolarization

34
Q

which part of the heart is the most anterior

A

Right ventricle

35
Q

Lowering PaCO2 decreases ICP

via cerebral vasoconstriction

A
36
Q

Concentric vs Eccentric heart growth

A

Concentric is due to pressure overload

(Hypertension / Aortic stenosis)

_____

Eccentric is due to volume overload

(Aortic or mitral regurg / Dilated cardiomy / MI)

37
Q

what substances are the two major modulators of coronary blood flow?

A

Adenosine and NO

38
Q

Left vs Right coronary dominance is judged by which coronary atery supplies the PDA (posterior decending artery)

A

Most people are Right coronary dominant

(so their right CA supples the av node)

____

if youre left dominant then your left circumflex supples the PDA along with the av node

39
Q

what are the most common cause of subungual splinter hemmoraghes?

A

microemboli due to vegatations on heart valves from

endocarditis

40
Q

whats the symptoms of Kartageners syndrome

A

lack of dynein arms

infertitility, situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchietasis

41
Q

Whats myocardium hibernation

A

chronic myocardial ischemia that leads to decreased contractility (LV systolic function)

42
Q

when a person has an TIA/infart/brain hemoraghe with a known DVT

A

Paroxsymal embolism

when the thrombosis goes from venous (duh) into arterial circulation via ASD or shunts

Fixed splitting

Brain Gainz (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions