Smart book- Cardiovascular Flashcards
What nerves innervate the carotid baroreceptors?
aoritc arch baro?
Glossopharyngeal
vagus
what physiologic responses contribute to symptoms of heart failure
Sympathetic Nervous symptoms, Renin-angiotensin, ADH
which vessel has the least amount of oxygen in it compared to the highly oxygenated aorta?
coronary sinuses
What is orthostatic hypotension
which blockade causes this?
drop in blood pressure on standing from the supine postion. Causes pooling of blood in veins below the heart
Alpha blockers
which mutation is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (leading to sudden cardiac death)?
mutation in the B-myosin heavy chain (sarcomere protein)
what is a cause of an S3 heart murmur
where is it best heard?
Associated with increased-left ventricular systolic volume
(blood left over in LV)
rapid ventricular refilling
-over the APEX in left decibutis postion at end expiration
Whats diastolic HF characterized by?
- normal ejection fraction (since systole works fine)
- normal end diastolic volumes/increased ED pressure
- decreased ventricular compliance (cant dialate well)
whats pulmonary arterial hypertension (familial type/gene mutation)
why does it happen
HTN in the pulmonary artery
inactivation of BMPR2 gene - causes vascular smooth muscle proliferation
when do you use a chi square test?
used to test the association of 2 variables with 2 different outcomes.
2x2 tabe
CT of the heart
whats derived from the embyro cardinal veins
Superior venacava
Orthopnea?
which HF is it assocaited with
cant breathe when laying flat
LEFT SIDED HF
which class of Anti HTN drugs cause peripheral edema?
CCB’s (-dipines or verapamil/diltiazem)
Amlodipine
How do nitrates work
what should you avoid using when taking nitrates?
they Incr. cGMP w/ smooth muscle relaxation
-Erectile dysfunction drugs (Sildenifil)
What drug do you use in coronary heart dz when aspirin cant be tolerated?
Clopidigrel
which drug do you give when ACE inhibitors produce cough?
ARB’s
(losartan, candesartan,valsartan)
What are vericose veins?
what can these lead to?
dilated, tortuous veins resulting from impairment of venous valves
-venous stasis ulcers