Repro smart book

Question 1

What would Pulsatile GnRH treatment be used for?

Answer 1

Infertility

Question 2

what would constant release of GnRH do?

Answer 2

It becomes inhibitory of gonadal functions

Question 3

Whats an Amniotic fluid embolism?

Answer 3

Amniotic fluid enters the maternal circulation via sites of uterine trauma

AF causes occlusion and vasospasm of maternal pulmonary circulation -> DIC

Fetus Squamous cells in the maternal pulmonary artery

Question 4

what would a uterin curettage look like with an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 4

This means that the oocyte has reached ovulation

so it would put you in the luteal/secretory phase

dilated and coiled

Question 5

lack of which hormone should you think about in Cryptorchdism (undescended tests)

Answer 5

decr. Inhibin B
incr. FSH

normal LH since Leydig cells arent affected by temperature

testosterone can be fine

Question 6

How does the karotype look for downs? and phenotype

Answer 6

Downsyndrome Trisomy 21 aka 46, XX (t14.21)

epicanthal folds, protruding tounge, upslanting palbrebral fissures, excessive skin at nape of neck

Question 7

What causes dimpling in invasive breast carcinoma?

Answer 7

Its infiltration of the Suspensory ligament (cooper ligament)

The cancer pulls on the ligament which causes dimpling

Question 8

Painful menstrual bleeding, no pain with intercourse

uterus is uniformly enlarged

Answer 8

Adenomyosis

Endometrial extension into the myometrium

Question 9

who all gets Cholelilthias (pnuemonic)

Answer 9

Fat, fertile, female, 40

estrogen increases cholesterol synthesis

Progesteron reduces bile acid scretion/ emptying

Question 10

Microcalcifications

pleomorphic cells with Central necrosis

doesnt penetrate basal membrane

Answer 10

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 11

Whats another name for wet mount?

you would use this to test for Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 11

Saline microscopy

Question 12

definition of pre eclampsia

Answer 12

HTN

Proteinuria

Question 13

Anovulatory cyle. who gets them, what are the complications of these?

Answer 13

Girls who are just starting menarch and women approaching menopause

Super heavy bleeding and irregular periods

You skip ovulation so theres no breakdown of the uterus that was produced from the cycle before

Question 14

risk factors for cervical cancer

Answer 14

HPV

Immunosuppresion, smoking

early sex

Question 15

3 week old kid comes in with his head tilted to one side looking away.

what causes this?

Answer 15

Congenital torticollis

intrauterine malposition or birth trauma

Question 16

what are the clinical presentations of Turner syndrome

Answer 16

45, XO

Short stature, high arched palate

Atrophic Overy (streak)

wide nipples (shield chest)

Webbed neck

Horseshoe kidney

Question 17

What are the two main bacteria that cause/infect Septic abortion

Answer 17

Staph Aureus

E. coli

Question 18

in treating BPH whats the dif between using

A1 antagonists vs 5a reducatase inhibitors

Answer 18

A1 antags (terazosin, tamulosin) work by decreasing contraction of the prostatic urear

5aR work by shrinking the prostate by blocking DHT conversion

Question 19

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 19

Question 20

which vessel do you ligate in a Vasectomy?

Answer 20

Vas deferens

can still have viable sperm for up to 3 months

Question 21

whats the serum marker for Ovarian cancer

Answer 21

CA-125

Question 22

differences of the malignant ovarian tumors

Answer 22

Question 23

For urinary inctoninence, when you do Kegel excercises. which muscle are you working and why?

Answer 23

Pelvic floor strengthening

Levator ani muscle

keeps the bladder and urethra in appropriate anatomical position

Question 24

list the lymp drainage of the male genital tract

Answer 24

Testis= Para aortic

Glans penis = deep inguinal

Scrotum = superficial inguinal

think about it, lymph tends to follow blood vessels see pic

Question 25

whats the main cause of a vericole in a man

Answer 25

patent processus vaginalis

Question 26

_FYI_ * Pelvic fractures* usually lead to injury of **posterior urethra** (membranous and prostatic segment) * Saddle fractures* usually lead to injury of **anterior urethra** (bulbus and penile segment)

Question 27

In regards to Testicular torsion where do the gonadal **ARTERIES** come from?

Answer 27

the **Aorta**

Question 28

whats found on histology of granulosa tumor

Answer 28

Call-exner body

Question 29

why do you get candidias with antibiotic use?

Answer 29

the antibiotics kill the normal flora **lacotbacilli** gram **positive** bacteria

Question 30

cell types of female genital tract

Answer 30

Question 31

which drug used to treat sexual diseases can cause disulfram reaction? why?

Answer 31

Metronidazole like disulfram, it blocks **acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase** which builds up a shit ton acetyladehyde = massive hangover

Question 32

_FYi_ women with PCOS are at **increased** risk for **Endometrial carcinoma** with all the estrogen being secreted, it inhibits progesterone so the endometrium has a chance for unmonitored growth

Question 33

what is human placenta **Lactogen**

Answer 33

a hormone that causes **insulin resistance** in the mother which allows the blood glucose to rise in order to properly feed the baby

Question 34

Deep inguinal ring = opening of **transversalis fascia** superfical ring = opening of **external oblique muscle**

Question 35

whats the morphology of **Gardnerella vaginalis**

Answer 35

Anaerobic **Gram-variable** rods

Question 36

pelvic innervation what nerve do you block for perineum and genitals? whats the 2 landmarks?

Answer 36

**pudendal nerve** S2-3 / *ischial spines & sacrospinal ligament*

Question 37

in order to avoid too much bleeding during the removal of the **ovaries** where should a surgeon ligate? ie-where are the ovarian blood vessels

Answer 37

**Suspensory ligament of the ovary** aka **Infundibulopelvic ligament** contains Ovarian artery, vein, lymphatics, and nerve