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Brain Gainz > Smart Book GI > Flashcards

Smart Book GI Flashcards

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1
Q

what causes an umbilical hernia

symptoms/associations

A
  • incomplete fusion of umbilical ring
  • associated with Downs syndrome. usually reducible mass at umbilicus that sticks out more when crying
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2
Q

What causes Hirschsrpungs?

what is it? how do they migrate?

A

Failure of migration of the neural crest

congenital megacolon. they migrate cadally so rectum is always affecte

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3
Q

What does pus consist of?

what calls in these guys to form the pus?

A

Nuetrophils

Luekotriene B4, C5a, IL-8

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4
Q

what deficiencies should you think of when you see exclusive breast feeding.

how are these deficiencies fixed?

A

Deficiency of Vit D & K

Vit K: given parentarraly after birth

Vit D: supplements

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5
Q

where are dietary lipids absorebd in the GI tract?

bile salts/vit. B12

A

Jejunum

-Illeum

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6
Q

When you see antimitochondrial antibodies

A

-Primary biliary cholangitis

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7
Q

whats the mushroom (Amanita Phalloides) aka Deathcap MOA?

A

It inhibites RNA reverse transcriptase II which stops mRNA synthesis

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8
Q

how does carcinoid tumors present?

what do you give before surgery

A

Flushing, asthma, diarrhea

Octreotide

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9
Q

which type of cell leads to the granulomas of Chrons dz? and which cytokines do they secret?

A

Th-1 cells

IL-2, TNF, IFN-g

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10
Q

When you see Stronglyoides what should you look for in intestines and stool?

A

Eggs in the intestine wall

Larvae in the stool

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11
Q

An adult comes in w/ liver Dz, COPD, panacinar emphysema and jaundice as a kid.

You should think

A

Alpha 1 AntiTrypsin deficiency

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12
Q

what is the primary site of ribosome synthesis in a cell? and walk step by step to maturity

A

The Nucleolus functions as the primary site of ribosome synthesis.

Nucleolus contains ribosomal DNA that gets transcribed to rRNA where they go to the cytoplasm to get translated to fully mature proteins

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13
Q

Moldy grain you should think of _______. which when it makes the toxin ______, it can lead to ______ carcinoma

A

Aspergillus, Aflotoxin, Hepatocellular

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14
Q

When you see a build up of adipose tissue in the liver of an alcoholic, what causes the buildup?

A

The alcohol fucks with NADPH by depleting glutathione stores. so you end up with decr. free fatty acid oxidation

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15
Q

70 old man with a big outpouching in the esophagus (zenkers duh) but which muscles have diminished relaxation causing the outpouching?

A

Thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal (Killian Triangle)

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16
Q

Whats a gallstone ileus?

A

This is when a Cholecystenteric (gallbladder-stomach) fistula forms. and it drops straight into the Gi tract where it gets stuck at the Illeum (the narrowest part of the Gi tract)

17
Q

tell me about pigment gallstones

A

composed of Calcium Bilirubinate

due to incr. B-glucoronidase release by injured hepatocytes. (increases the amount of unconjugated billi)

B-gluco: it deconjugates billi which leads to saturation and stone formation

18
Q

tell me about Whipple disease

A

an infection by Tropheryma Whipplei

PAS(+) foamy macrophages

Whipped “CAN” Cardiac, Arthralgia (joints), Neurologic

19
Q

Recurrant respiratory infections w/ Pseudomonas, diarrahea, and failure to thrive suggests _____

what would help treat?

A

Cystic fibrosis

Pancreatic enzymes

20
Q

Small intestine Bacterial overgrowth. These guys will prodcue a shit ton of what two things?

what deficiencies does it lead to

A

Vit K and Folate

-deficiency of B12, A, D, E, and iron

21
Q

What enzyme deficiency causes precipiation of Cholesterol gall stones?

what drug inhibits this enzyme

A

7-alpha hydroxylase

Fibrates--> lead to gall stones

22
Q

What are mallory weis tears due to?

A

Vomiting/wretching/hiccups which causes continuous increased abdominal/intraluminal pressure

23
Q

HIV patients not taking their antiretrovirals, colon lesions, vessel proliferation. Reddish violet, flat maculopapular lesions. spindle shaped tumor cells

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

24
Q

When you see VIPoma what symptoms do you think?

what do you give to treat it?

A

Pancreatic islet cell tumors that secrete Vasoactive intestitnal peptide

  • this increases chloride loss (water follows)
  • inhibits gastric acid secretion

-Somatostatin

25
Q

what bodily mechanism do we use to fight off mycobacterial infections

A

Interferon Gamma signaling

26
Q

Whats the life cycle of Hep B?

A

Double stranded DNA gets into the nucleus –> transcribed to (+) RNA template–> dsDNA progeny

27
Q

What do you think when you see fat cell destruction and calcium deposition

A

Acute pancreatitis

28
Q

Where do mu receptor opoids work? and what do they do?

A

Causes contraction of smooth muscles in the gut

29
Q

how do you differ stomach ulcers vs erosions?

A

Erosions: mucosal defects that dont fully extend through the muscularis mucosa

Ulcers: go into the submucosa

30
Q

when testing for whipplei you use PAS. what is this PAS indicates the presence of when pink?

A

Glycoprotein

31
Q

whats a major cause of retroperitoneal bleeding

A

Pancreatic injury (SADPUCKER)

32
Q

What do you use for recurrant c diff infections?

A

Fidaxomicin

33
Q

Whats the equation for Bioavaiblibity

A

Bioavailiabity = (AUC of oral) x dose of IV /

(AUC of iv x dose of oral)

34
Q

Hernia anatomy

A

MDs dont LIe

medial to inferior epigastric is DIRECT through Transversalis facia

________

Lateral to inferior epigastric is indirect w/ patent processus vaginalis

35
Q

Difference between Lactulose and Rifaximin

A

Lactulose converts ammonia to ammonium

________

Rifaximin removes ammonia producing bacteria

36
Q

What stain do i use for malabsorptive problems and looking for fecal fat

A

Sudan Stain

37
Q

how would parotitis present?

A

its caused by intubation, dehydration, or infection

dx by imaging

incr. serum amylase

38
Q

what part of the stomach does H. pylori chill in

A

the prepyloric ANTRUM

Brain Gainz (30 decks)

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