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Brain Gainz > 13. Female genital tract/gestation Pathoma > Flashcards

13. Female genital tract/gestation Pathoma Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

which hormones do prolactin inhibit

what inhibits prolactin secretion

A

GnRH

-dopamine

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2
Q

whats sheehan syndrome

what are some clinical signs

A

In pregnancy the pituitary gland doubles in size, however, the blood flow doesnt increase to match it so it doubles in size

-poor lactation and lossof pubic hair

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3
Q

Condyloma

what is it? whats main cause

A

Warty neoplasm of genital area

  • HPV 6 and 11.
  • koilocytic change
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4
Q

Lichen Sclerosis

A

Thinning of the epdiermis/fibrosis of the dermis of the vag

-cigarrete “parchment” paper skin

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5
Q

lichen simplex chronicus

what causes it

A

hyperplasia of vulvar epithelium

  • thickening of the skin
  • chronic itching and scratching
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6
Q

Pagets dz of the vulva

A

malignant epithelial cells of the epdiermis

-erythematous, pruritc, ulcerated skin

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7
Q

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

whats an old drug that causes this?

A

Malignant proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm

-DES

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8
Q

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Grape-like protrusion

malignant mesenychmal cells of immature skelatal muscle

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9
Q

Lymph node spread of upper and lower vag carcinomas

A

upper 2/3 – inguinal

lower 1/3 - illiac nodes

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10
Q

What causes acute endometriitis

A

left over products of conceptions

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11
Q

endometrial polyps

major presentation

A

painless uterine bleeding

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12
Q

Endometriosis

A

endometrial glands and stoma outside the uterine lining

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13
Q

whats a chocolate cyst?

A

its when the ovary is filled by endometriosis

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14
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Extension of the endometrial tissue (endometriosis) into the myometrium

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15
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia

what causes it?

how does it present

most important predictor for progression to carcinoma?

A

abnormal endometrial GLAND proliferation (relative to stroma)

  • excess estrogen stimulation
  • post menopausal vaginal bleeding
  • nuclear atypia
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16
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma

how does it present

A

Malignant prolif of endometrial glands

post menopause bleeding

17
Q

Leiomyoma (fibroid)

how dangerous are they?

A

Benign proliferation of smooth muscle from myometrium

multiple, well-circumscribed tumors that increase during pregnancy

-asymptomatic, but sometimes can cause bleeding

18
Q

whats the functional unit of the ovary?

A

Follicle

19
Q

Polycystic Ovariand Dz (PCOD)

what causes it?

classic presentation

what can it usually lead to?

A

hormone imbalnce -> incr. LH/ low FSH

-too much LH leads to incr. androgen production. that androgen goes to the periphery and gets converted to estrogen which then goes to pituitary and shuts down FSH (neg. feedback)

w/o FSH the ovary atrophies and creates a cyst

  • obese woman, hirsutism, infertiliity,
  • insulin resistance/diabetes
20
Q

when would you use the serum marker CA 125

A

to monitor for treatment and Recurrance

21
Q

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovaries

what type of tumor (Surface epithelia, Germ cell, Sex cord stroma)

what do the cysts contain

Immature cystic teratome

A

Germ cell

Contains fetal tissue from all 3 germ layers

Benign

______________________

Immature contains immature tissue (ie neuroectoderm)

22
Q

cystic teratoma composed of thyroid tissue

A

Stuma ovarii

23
Q

Dysgerminoma

A

malignant ovarian tumor

Sheets of uniform “fried egg” cells (large cells with central nuclei and clear cytoplasm)

24
Q

Yolk sack tumor (whats another name for it)

most common germ cell in ____

whatst the major tumor marker

what cells do you see on histo

A

Endodermal sinus tumor

most common germ cell in kids

AFP

Schiller-Duval bodies (central vessel looks like glomeruli) *glomeruloid like structures

25
Q

Choriocarcinoma

whats it composed of?

lab abnormalities?

how does it spread?

A

Malignant prolif of placenta tissue

-trophoblasts and Syncytiotrophoblasts

Villi are absent

Very high ß-hCG

-hematogenously

26
Q

Granulosa-Theca cell tumor

A

sex cord stromal tumor

neoplasm of granulosa/theca cells (duh)

production of estrogen/progestorone which will have differnt affects at different ages

27
Q

Fibroma

Associated with _____ syndrome. which is

A

Benign tumor of Fibroblsts

Meigs Syndrome: Fibroma, Ascites, Hydrothorax

28
Q

Krukenberg tumor

what does it secrete?

A

Gi malignancy that mets to ovaries

mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma

29
Q

Psuedomyxoma peritonei

where does it usually come from

A

intraperitoneal accumulation of mucin material

usually arises from Appendix tumor

30
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

whats the most common site?

big risk factor?

clinical presentation

A

fertilization and implantation of ovary at site other than uterine wall.

  • ampulla of Fallopian tubes
  • scarring (from PID-salpingitis, endometriosis)
  • lower abdominal pain after missed period (ALWAYS DO PREGNANCY TEST)
31
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

loss of fetus before 20 wks

passage of fetal tissues

32
Q

differences between

Placenta Accreta/Increta/percreta

and presentations

A

Accreta: placenta attaches to myometrium w/o penetration. difficulty delivering placenta

33
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

Preeclampsia w/ thrombotic microangiopathy of the liver

Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet

HELLP

34
Q

Sudden infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

risk factors

A

Death of infant 1mo. - 1 yr. without cause

-sleeping on stomach, smoking in house,

35
Q

Hydatidiform mole

how do you diagnos

Tx?

A

instead of growing a baby you grow abnormal placental tissue

swollen and edematous villi, proliferation of trophoblasts

-passage of “grape-like” masses / snowstorm on US

-dilation and curettage of mole, monitor b-hcg

36
Q

Complete Hydatidiform Mole

whose fault? fetal parts? villi? b-hcg

A

All dads fault (only sperm and enucleated egg)

46,XX; 46, XY

  • no fetal parts
  • All villi are edematous/fucked up
  • b-hcg much higher than partial mole
37
Q

Partial Hydatiform mole

fetal tissue? villi?

A

2 sperm + 1 egg

69 XXX; 69, XXY; 69, XYY

Yes fetal parts

some villie are fucked

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