14. Male genital tract/prostate Pathoma

Question 1

What causes Hypospadias?

Answer 1

failure of the urethral folds to fuse

pee out the bottom of your weewee

Question 2

what causes Epispadias?

what other abnormality is it associate with?

Answer 2

faulty positioning of the genital tubercle

bladder Extrophy (protrusion of the bladder)

Question 3

Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

major risk factors

precursor lesions:

Answer 3

malignant prolif of squamos cells of the penis

High risk HPV/lack of circumcision

-Bowens dz: shaft

Erythoplasia of Queyrat: glans

Bowenoid papulosis: reddish papules

Question 4

Cryptorchidism

major complication?

Answer 4

undescended testicle

-usually self resolving but after age 2 it can lead to testicular atrophy/increased risk of seminoma

Question 5

testicular Varicocele

which side is most common

Answer 5

“Bag of worms”

Dilated veins

-usually left sided due to drainage into left renal vein

Question 6

what causes testicular hydrocele?

Answer 6

incomplete obliteration of processus vaginalis (infants)

or blockage of lymph drainage (adults)

Question 7

Acute Prostatitis

buzzwords for clinical presentaiton?

Chronic Prostatis

Answer 7

-Tender and Boggy

________________

Lower back/pelvic pain

Question 8

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

what causes it

what it can lead to

tx-

Answer 8

hyperplasia of the prostate around the lateral/middle lobes. increased PSA

Not premilignant

-increase of DHT

-hydronephrosis

-tx: a-blocker (terazosin), 5a-reductase inhibitor

Question 9

Prostatic adenocarcinoma

how is it diagnosed

where does it met to?

Answer 9

Malignant prolif of prostatic glands

Most common cancer in men

arises in peripheral zone

-diagnosed by Incr. PSA / decr. fraction of free PSA

-mets to the bone (lower back pain)