Small Test 2 - Additional questions Flashcards
What is approved names used for?
Give an example
Used for prescribing Official and Prepared medicines
- eg. AMOXICILLIN
(named by the active ingredient)
Other names for Proprietary name
Give example
Licensed, Brand, Trade or Proprietary name
Eg. Betamox injection, Clamoxyl injection
= Fantasy names
Who gives the Proprietary name
Manifactures
- can differ a lot from chemical name
Who gives the Approved name
Pharmacopoeia Commision
- can be derived from the chemical name
- Usefull in the orientation among trade names
Who gives the Chemical name
International Naming commision
H2
Date - validity RX (superscription) Inscription - authorized (fantasy, dose, strength) Subscription Signature WP = even if 0 days Vet own signature + qualification Repeat information
Prescription of an OFFICIAL formulated medicine
eg
RX
Oxytetracycline Tablets 100mg (BP)
BP = formulated form - Pharmacopoeia
“ in a suitable box”
Prescription of an OCCATIONALLY Prepared medicine
RX
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride 2,5 g
Simple ointment base up to 10g
Prepare ointment in total 10g, dispense in a tube.
For external use only
No WP?
Prescription of an AUTHORIZED (proprietary) medicine
RX
Nizoral Oral SUSPENSION = shake well before use
Send 1 original package, 100mg
Sig. Give 5ml during meal once daily orally for 5 days.
Special prescription requirement of schedule 2 and 3 drugs
- Indelible (or computer)
- Signature = INK or electronic prescriptionform.
1. Name and adress of owner
2. Date
3. Name, form & strength of preparation
4, Total QUANTITY or the number of dosage units = in BOTH words and figures!
5. dose to be administered
6. Prescribers signature, qualification and RCVS regnr.
7. Animal or herd under the vets care
SIGNATURE PART
VALIDATION
REPEAT
SPECIAL CASE
NO CORRECTIONS AT ALL!!!!
Special prescription requirement of schedule 2 and 3 drugs
SIGNATURE PART
NO latinisation or abbreviations (signature or label)
Special prescription requirement of schedule 2 and 3 drugs
VALIDATION
Valid for 28 days (also S4)
S5= 6 months
Special prescription requirement of schedule 2 and 3 drugs
REPEAT
NOT permitted
if preprinted = must be crossed out
Special prescription requirement of schedule 2 and 3 drugs
SPECIAL CASE
Buprenorphine - SCHEDULE 3
Does not need to be recorded in CD register, but SAFETY CUSTODY DOES REPLY
Special prescription requirement of schedule 2 and 3 drugs
Example
RX
Pentobarbital Sodium 2g (two grams)
Water up to 100 ml ( hundred millilitres) in a children resistant bottle (or suitable package).
Label: Give one dessertspoonful twice daily for five days. NOT SIG!?
Labeling dispensed veterinary medicine
If the product contains eg
- HEXACHLOROPHENE, ASPRIN
- ASPRIN or similar = Unsuitable for cats
Asprin within a red rectangle. - HEXACHLOROPHENE for oral administration
SHEEP = Protective clothing
CATTLE= Not for use in lactatiing cattle
Labeling dispensed veterinary medicine
Label must include
- Name and address OWNER & VET!
- Date of dispensing
- External use only = Topical use
- WP (relevant WP)
- hexachorophene + aspirin
- Animal treatment only - unless too small package
- Keep out of reach of childres
Labeling dispensed veterinary medicine
Good practice to also include
- Drug name, Concentration & amount of dispensed medicine
- Information about the application
- Recomended use of mechanical letters
- Both container and outer packaging should be labeled.
MFS prescription
= Food producing animals in large scales
Minerals and Vitamins
MFS
Copies
3 copies
- Veterinarian
- Owner - WP!!
- Compounder
- Inclution rate
- Proove efficacy of MFS
MFS
Valid for
3 months or shorter
MFS
Information should be provided according to data sheet requirement - such as
1, inclution rates
- Target species
- WP
MFS
When and by whom may medicines be incorporated in animal feed stuff
By appropriately REGISTERED PERSON
- Only if product has a relevant PRODUCT LICENCE
or an
ATC - Animal test certificate
MEdicinal products to be included in feed must be
LICENCED for in-feed use - exeption veterinarian
How long will the treatment with MFS be sufficient
Only one course of treatment
- Reevaluate and revisit
All MFS prescriptions follow a specified formate and should include
- Name and adress of person prescribing
- Qualification enabeling the person to prescribe
- Name and adress of the keeper of the animals treated
- Animal species, identification and nr of animals
- Different adress than the keeper?
- Date of prescription
- Signature or other authentications of the person prescribingg
- Name and amount of the product prescribed
- Dosage and administration instructions
- Warnings?
- WP
- Manifacturer/distributor of feeding stuff
- If validity exceeds 1 month - statement that not more than 31 days supply may be provided at any time
- Name,type and quantity of feeding stuff
- inclution rate
- Special instructions
- % of prescribed feeding stuff to be added to daily ration
- Prescribed under the cascade
Powder for external use
- Active substances
Antibiotics Anticeptics Antimycotics Ectoparasites - Repellent not allowed in cat
Powder for external use
Diluent/Filler
= Volume to the substance
- Talc - not for wounds, avoid humidity
- Zink oxide
- Can be used in wounds = Constrict vessels
Powder for internal use
- Administration (Used how)
Per Os
Oral dilute
Powder for internal use
Categories
- Water Soluble ( drinking Water)
- Power - In-Feed use
- Powder - oral solution and suspension
- Direct administration (Capsule)
Importaint about suspensions
Larger particles
Can get sedimented
Shake well before use
Powder for internal use
Composition
- Active substance
- Diluent/Filler = Water soluble
- Lactose!
- Sorbit + Glucose = Bitter taste
Powder for internal use
When is dividation method used
- When Narrow TI
= Toxic reactions can be seen
Which method is more precice than DIVIDATION and why
Dispensation = More precise
DIVIDATION is measured with naked eye
Sentence for dividation (Subscription)
“Please prepare a powder in total 10 gram, devide into 10 equal portion each”
Powder for internal use
Devided?
Non devided = WIDE TI
Devided = NARROW TI
The use of Granules
How is it given, and in which cases
Per Os = ORALY
- Farm animals - Feed or drinking water
- Small animals+humans
- Solution or
- Mixed into feed or
- Direct admin (capsules)
Size of Granules
Can differ
1-2 ml = Small
1cm = large
Composition of Granules
1- Active substance
2- Diluent/Filler: Saccharose, Lactose
3- Binder: Purified Water, Ethanol, Methylcellulose
4- Coating if needed
Composition of Granules
Omeprazol
- Proton pump inhibitor - Stomach protective (Ulceration)
- Not to get dissolved in gastric juice
- Sensitive to gastric juice
- Decomposed
Proes about granules in capsules
Long duration of action - combining
Medicated premix is used for
Preparing medicated feeding stuff
Premix
Feed supplements
Microelements
Vitamins
Prebiotics
Dewormers
Usage of Premix
Oral
Powder, granulated, liquid
Homogenous mixing - by the compounder
Premix composition
Active substance
- Medicated premix (AB)
- Feed supplements: Microelements, vitamins, prebiotics, probiotics
Premix composition
Diluent/Filler
Feed based
- Nutritional Value: Cereal flour
- Indifferent: Silicates
What is restricted due to AB use from january
Restricted in group use
Usage of capsule
Orally, NO CHEWING
- Only individual treatment
- SMALL ANIMAL MEDICINE
Soft Capsule
Gelatine+Sugar+Glycerol+Water Now= Synthetic Polymers Soft capsules containing liquid = Omega 3 Thicker wall Dissolves in gastric fluid (15min)
Hard Capsule
Gelatine+Sugar+Water
Now: HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose)
Dissolves in gastric fluid (15min)
Gastro Resistant Capsule
Methacrylate coating
= Capsula intestinosolvens
= will not dissolve in gastric juice
Tablet in general
Most PRECICE devided form
- Per Os
- Intrauterine, Intravaginal (cow-metritis)
- For preparing solutions
(Soluble, Effervescent - gassproduction when disolving)
Composition of tablets
Active substance Diluent/Filler Binder Lubricant - Liquid Parafin - easyer to swallow Coloring, Flavouring agents = identify - children = Flavour - Dog, Cat, Equine
Coating of tablets
- Film coated tablets
(can be intestinosolvent) - Dragees = Sugarcoated tablets
(acidic = bitter taste) - TiO2 (titanium dioxide) –> Protection from light
Modified Release Tablets
- Controll Release tablet
- Provide higher duration of action with higher plasma conc.
Methimazole - In cat - Hyper thoroidism
Modified Release Tablets
Insoluble Matrix
Longer duration
Potassium Citrate - Cardiac Failure
Modified Release Tablets
Soluble Matrix
Diffutab
Polymer+Drug
Intraruminal bolus
= Modified Release
*Ruminants - LARGE tablets
- Sustained Release - last 6 weeks
- Pulse release - Dewormer 2 weeks
(Walls degraded 2 weeks at the tone)
Dewormer kills adults not larvae
Intraruminal bolus
Not used in which species
Horse
Packaging of tablets
Plastic or alluminum (BLISTER) and paper box (Authorized products)
Transdermal patch and Subdermal Implant
Continous, Prolonged release
Transdermal patch
Drugs with excellent dermal absorbtion --> Systemic effect (Analgesic) Do not cut! Modified release Nicotinic plaster
Subdermal Implant
Continous, prolonged release
- Frequently used
- Oestrus synchronisation (progestagens)
= Inhibit heat in large animals
Progestagens cause oesterus - Corpus luteum
= Chemical castration
Antiparasitic collars and ear tags
Collar = Dog and Cat
Eartag= Ruminants
Usually prescription is not required
Release continiously and slowly
Vaginal Delivery systems
Oesterus synchronisation (Progestagens)
- NOT for horses = Might fall out
- For horses = Subdermal implant more polite
Solid dosage forms
- Powder for external use
- Powder for internal use
- Granules
- Premix
- Capsule
- Tablet (= Packaging)
- Modified Release Tablets
- Insoluble matrix
- Soluble Matrix - Intraruminal bolus
(Modified Release Tablets)
- Sustained
- Pulse - Transdermal Patch
- Subdermal Implant
- Antiparasitic collars and eartags
- Vaginal delivery system
- Herbal Tea
Herbal Tea
Per Os Topically = Washing wounds 1. Infusion 2. Decoction 3. Soaking
VIT C
Rose hip -> Room temp
Forms of Prescription
Structure
1. Official formulated medicine (BP)
- Occationally Prepared medicine (Ointment)
- External use only - Authorized (proprietary) Medicine
- Suspension
Controlled drugs - MFS
