Midterm II - Retake Flashcards by Hanne Maria Hansen

1. The primary choice of anesthesia for patients with heart failure:

A. Phenothiazines

B. Butyrophenones

C. Benzodiazepines

D. Alpha-2 agonist

C. Benzodiazepines

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2. Sedative drug with pronounced antiemetic action:

A. Xylazine

B. Phenobarbital

C. Acepromazine

D. Diazepam

C. Acepromazine

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3. Which drug is contraindicated in glaucoma?

A. EDTA

B. Pilocarpine

C. Timolol

D. Atropine

D. Atropine

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4 This substance can decrease the production of aqueous humor:

A. Pilocarpine

B. Mannitol

C. Latanoprost

D. Timolol

D. Timolol

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5. This immunosuppressant drugs can be used for the treatment of heratoconjuctivitis sicca (KCS):

A. Cyclosporine

B. Both of them

C. Pimecrolimus

D. None of them

B. Both of them

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6. When using classic neuroleptanalgesia the following substances are applied together:

A. Tranquilizer + Ketamine

B. Benzodiazepine + Ketamine

C. Tranquilizer + Opioid

D. A2-agonist + opioid

C. Tranquilizer + Opioid

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7. In dogs, it can be used only for status epilepticus treatment, but in cats and horses, also for the long-term control of epilepsy

A. Diazepam

B. Phenobarbital

C. Zonisamide

D. Potassium bromide

A. Diazepam

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8. The duration of action of IV given fentanyl in bolus administration:

A. 1-5 minutes

B. 15-30 minutes

C. 2-4 hours

D. 72 hours

B. 15-30 minutes

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9. This inhalational anaesthetics has analgesic effect:

A. Isoflurane

B. Sevoflurane

C. None of them

D. Both of them

C. None of them

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10. This can be re-administered:

A. None of them

B. Both of them

C. Etomidate

D. Ultra-short-acting barbiturates

A. None of them

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11. This method is used to investigate the efficacy of analgesics:

A. Hot plate test

B. Writhing test

C. Tail-flick test

D. All of them

D. All of them

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12. Which effect is characteristic of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

A. They increase the fertility rate

B. They have sedative effect

C. They induce emesis

D. They induce hypnosis

B. They have sedative effect

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13 intravenous anasthetic with the important side effect of adrenocortical suppression:

A. Thiopental

B. Etomidate

C. Propofol

D. Medetomidine-ketamine

B. Etomidate

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14 this sedative can increase the incidence of convulsions, hence special care must be taken in patients with epilepsy

A. Phenobarbital

B. Diazepam

C. Xylazine

D. Acepromazine

D. Acepromazine

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15 This antiepileptic only has slight liver metabolism:

A. Both of them

B. Imepitoin

C. None of them

D. Levetiracetam

A. Both of them

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16 This drug can decrease central sensitization:

A. Ketamine

B. Morphine

C. Lidocaine

D. Propofol

A. Ketamine

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17 This drug may cause rumen atony:

A. Xylazine

B. Diazepam

C. Phenobarbital

D. Midazolam

A. Xylazine

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18 Which is NOT characteristic for xylazine

A. Muscle relaxation

B. Sedation

C. Analgesia

D. Causing general anaesthesia

D. Causing general anaesthesia

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19. This drug is contraindicated in animals with m\diabetes mellitus because it can cause hyperglycaemia

A. Apomorphine

B. Xylazine

C. Diazepam

D. Acepromazine

B. Xylazine

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20 which of the following administration route of diazepam would you recommend in case of status epilepticus?

A. Rectal

B. Subcutaneous

C. Topically as a cream

D. Oral

A. Rectal

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Most important side effect of Phenobarbital?
Hepatoxic effects
ACTH-Adrenal gland axis is suppressed
Nephrotoxic effects
Respiratory depression.

A. Hepatoxic effects

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Which is NOT a requirement for general anaesthesia?
Total unconsciousness
Analgesia
Muscle relaxant
Decrease of inflammation

D. Decrease of inflammation

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Inhalational anaesthetics that can be used for the induction of anaesthesia?
Propofol
Both of them
Etomidate
Non of them

D. Non of them

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This substance can be used for inducing emesis in cats?
Ketamine
Xylazine
Acepromazine
Detomidine

B. Xylazine

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1. This sedative can increase the incidence of convulsions, hence special care must be taken in patients with epilepsy 1. Xylazine 2. Phenobarbital 3. Acepromacine 4. Diazepam

C. **Acepromacine**

1. Injectable anaesthetics,its readministration during an operation is prohibited 1. Propofol 2. Ketamine 3. Thiopental 4. Tiletamine

**C. Thiopental**

1. Substance with NO analgesic effect 1. Alpha-2-agonist 2. Butyrophenons 3. Phenothiazines 4. Opiates

C. **Phenothiazines**

1. Internal drug administration route for farm animals with fixation 1. Dipping 2. Salty Blocks 3. Drench 4. Pour on

**D. Pour on**

1. Which side effect is NOT characteristic to tranquilizers? 1. They inhibit the regulation of the body temperature 2. They induce emesis 3. They can cause paradoxical reaction in horse 4. They can exacerbate the symptoms of pseudopregnancy

B. **They induce emesis**

1. Injectable anaesthetic woth NO tissue irritative effect 1. Etomidate 2. Thiopental 3. Ketamine 4. Propofol

**C. Ketamine**

1. This test is used for diagnosing keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) 1. Fluorescein dye 2. Wrighting test 3. Tail-flick test 4. Schirmer-test

D. **Schirmer-test**

1. Because of its anticonvulsive effect, this substance can be used in status epilepticus 1. Acepromacine 2. Diazepam 3. Xylazine 4. Ketoprofen

**B. Diazepam**

1. Which of the followings can be used for fundus examinations? 1. Tropicamide 2. Both of them 3. Homatropine 4. None of them

**C. Both of them**

1. Which of the followings can inhibit synechiae-forming in uveitis 1. Pilocarpine 2. Atropine 3. Pimecrolimus 4. Azelastine

B. **Atropine**

1. External drug administration route for farmanimals without fixation 1. Footbath 2. Spraying 3. Both of them 4. None of them

**C. Both of them**

1. Which of the following drugs can be administered rectally 1. Diazepam 2. All of them 3. Phenobarbital 4. Dimenhydrinate

. A. **Diazepam**

1. Which drug has protease inhibitor activity? 1. EDTA 2. Serum 3. N-acetylcysteine 4. All of them

**D. All of them**

1. Alpha-2-agonist that has the lowest risk of cardiovascular side effect 1. Xylazine 2. Dexmedetomidine 3. Romifidine 4. Detomidine

**B. Dexmedetomidine**

1. Which drug can be used to treat pannus? 1. Both of them 2. None of them 3. Prednisolone 4. Cyclosporine

**A. Both of them**

1. This drug (given PO) is an appropriate choice for long-term control of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs? 1. Diazepam 2. Phenobarbital 3. Midazolam 4. Primidon

B. **Phenobarbital**

Pair the substance to their description. More the than one substance can belong to a description (all these should be written), but not all substances should be used. (1point/row, only for perfect answer). 5 points total Options: Hydroxyzine, Dexmethasone, Prednisilone, Carprofen, Meloxicam, Mavacoxib, Methylprednisilone, lokivetmab, Oclacitinib, Flunixin 1. Highly specific substance with only one target: 2. Decrease the expression of cyclooxygenase gene: 3. Gastric and duodenal ulcers are important side effects of this drug: 4. In case of alternate day therapy of this substance, its side effect of Adrenocortical suppression com be moderated: 5. Safe substance, in case of long-term usage, vomiting, diarrhea and secondary infections might occur as side effects?

Pair the substance to their description. More the than one substance can belong to a description (all these should be written), but not all substances should be used. (1point/row, only for perfect answer). 5 points total Options: Hydroxyzine, Dexmethasone, Prednisilone, Carprofen, Meloxicam, Mavacoxib, Methylprednisilone, lokivetmab, Oclacitinib, Flunixin 1. **LOKIVETMAB** 2. **DEXAMETHASONE, PREDNISOLONE, METHYLPREDNISOLONE, (SAID's)** 3. **CARPROFEN, MELOXICAM, MAVACOXIB, FLUXININ, DEXMETHASONE, PREDNISOLONE, METHYLPREDNISOLONE (NSAID's and SAID'S)** 4. **PREDNISOLONE, METHYLPREDNISOLONE** 5. **OCLACITINIB**

# Fill inn the sentences (1point/sentences, 5points total) In congestive heart failure, important aims of drug therapy are to\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contractility, decrease preload and\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ afterload. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that can be used for these purposes. Its side effects are rare and mild. Before its administration, cardiac ultrasound should be performed because **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**is a important contra indication of this substance. Its PDE inhibitor effect leads to **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**intracellularly. It is used orally and feed ______ its bioavailability.

**INCREASE** **DECREASE** **PIMOBENDAN** **Outflow obstruction HCM, stenosis** **INCREASED cAMP and INCREASED CA2+** **DECREASES**

Indirect parasympathomimetics inhibit **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** enzyme. In the therapy of Myasthenia Gravis the following drugs can be applied:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** To diagnose Myasthenia Gravis, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is used. (Tensilon tets). The **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**muscle relaxants such as atracuronium, vecuronium act on the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** acetylcholine receptors as **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** antagonists. Indirect **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** can be used to stop the side effects of curare derivatives. The antidote in case of organophosphate toxicosis can be **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** where the latter is an enzyme reactivator.

**ACh ESTERASE** **NEOSTIGMINE** **PYRIDOSTIGMINE** **EDROPHONIUM** **NON-DEPOLARIZING** **NICOTINIC** **COMPETITIVE** **PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS** **ATROPINE** **PRALIDOXIME**

**Pair the drugnames with their description. More than one substance can belong to a description, but not all substances should be used. Not more than 10 answers can be written, otherwise the task will not be accepted. (0,5 point/correct answer, 5points total)** Options: Salbutamol, fluticasone, salmeterol, beclomethasone, atenolol, ipratroponium, theophylline, zafirlukast, metoprolol, clenbuterol, clenbuterol, levalbuterol 1. This beta-2 receptor agonist has long-acting effects: 2. This Phosphodiesterase inhibitor can have CNS stimulant side effects: 3. Asthmatic attack can be treated with this short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator agent via inhalation: 4. This glucocorticoid should be given via inhalation only to treat RAO: 5. This atropine derivative is used to treat asthma without CNS side effect: 6. This leukotriene receptor antagonist is mainly used in cats:

1. **SALMETEROL**, **CLENBUTEROL** 2. **THEOPHYLINE**. 3. **SALBUTAMOL**, **LEVALBUTEROL**. 4. **FLUTICASONE**, **BECLOMETHASONE**. 5. **IPRATROPONIUM**. 6. **ZAFIRLUKAST** 1. This beta-2 receptor agonist has long-acting effects: 2. This Phosphodiesterase inhibitor can have CNS stimulant side effects: 3. Asthmatic attack can be treated with this short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator agent via inhalation: 4. This glucocorticoid should be given via inhalation only to treat RAO: 5. This atropine derivative is used to treat asthma without CNS side effect: 6. This leukotriene receptor antagonist is mainly used in cats:

**Give short answers to the questions below! (1point/answer, 5 points total)** 1. What is measured in the tail flick test to investigate the effect of analgesics? 2. What is calculated in the hot plate method? 3. What is calculated in the wrighting test? 4. Which substance is used to induce convulsions in wrighting test? 5. How long does it take (aprox) for morphine to reach its analgesic effect after administration?

1. **Time to remove the tail – Morphine effect** 2. **Number of leg raising and tail licking in 10-15min** 3. **Number of convulsions for some period of time** 4. **1% acetic acid** 5. **20-30min**

# Fill the sentences with the missing words! (1point/answer, 5 points in total) For the treatment of glaucoma, we can use parasympathomimetics, eg. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** such as timolol. Among these, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** can only increase the outflow of aquous humour, while the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, can also decrease its production**.** Usage of **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-**containing eye drops in patients with glaucoma is contraindicated.

**PILOCARPINE** **SYMPATHOLYTICS** **PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS** **SYMPATHOLYTIC** **ATROPINE**

**VIII Fill the sentences with the missing words. (1point/ansver, 5 in total)** In the case of **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** drug administration, drugs are given to the gastrointestinal tract, which can have two routes: **\_\_\_\_\_** and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** Among these, advantage of **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** administration is that we can avoid first-pass effect of the Liver. This is usefull for example in cases of **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** treatment in status epilepticus.

**ENTERAL** **ORAL** **RECTAL** **RECTAL** **DIAZEPAM**

**IX True or false (1point/answer, 5 in total)** Aim of anesthesia premedication is to decrease pre- and post narcotic excitation and to decrease the necessary dosage of anesthetics.

**TRUE**

**IX True or false (1point/answer, 5 in total)** Anesthesia can only be induced with injectable anesthetics, but later maintained with total intravenous and inhalation anesthetics as well

**FALSE**

**IX True or false (1point/answer, 5 in total)** In case of surgeries with huge amount of pain, anesthesia with isoflurane in the maintenance phase is enough without further addition of analgesic substances

**FALSE**

**IX True or false (1point/answer, 5 in total)** Ketamine alone is appropriate for causing total unconsciousness, muscle relaxation and analgesia

## Footnote **FALSE**

**2.Pair the substances to their description! More than one substance can belong to a description (all these should be written), but not all substances should be used. 1 point/row** *Options: hydroxyzine, dexamethasone, prednisolone, carprofen,meloxicam, mavacoxib, methylprednisolone, lokivetmab, oclacitinib, flunixin* 1. This substance inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme, but no not alter its gene expression: 2. In dogs, this substance is more selective to COX-2 than to COX-1: 3. In case of alternate day therapy of this substance, its side effect of adrenocortical suppression can be moderate: 4. Inhibitor of the phospholipase-A2 enzyme: 5. It has a long-life, which can be even 2 weeks in dogs:

1. **FLUNIXIN, CARPROFEN, MELOXICAM, MAVACOXIB** 2. **CARPROFEN, MELOXICAM** 3. **PREDNISOLONE, METHYLPREDNISOLONE** 4. **PREDNISOLONE, METHYLPREDNISOLONE, DEXAMETHASONE** 5. **MAVACOXIB, LOKIVETMAB**

**3.Fill the sentences! (1 point/sentence)** ACE inhibitors decrease the hearts **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, but they don’t affect the contractility directly. Their most important side effect is prerenal **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and rarely emesis, diarrhea and appetite loss can occur. Besides congestive heart failure, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and **\_\_\_\_\_\_** important indications of them. For these indications, they are frequently combined with angiotensin-2 (AT-2) receptor antagonists. Such as **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**. If hypotensive effect of ACE inhibitors and AT-2 antagonists is not enough, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** which is a calcium channel blocker, can be used.

**PRELOAD** **AFTERLOAD** **AZOTAEMIA** **HYPERTONIA** **PROTEINURIA** **TELMISARTAN** **AMLODIPINE**

**4.Fill the sentences!** Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a non-selective **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**. In higher doses it can also act on **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**receptors causing vasoconstriction. The antagonists of A-2 receptor are **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**. Propranolol is a non-selective **\_\_\_\_\_\_** blocker, it can be used in the treatment of **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** The a-1 receptor antagonist such as **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** can be administered in the therapy of hypertension. Beta- **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** drugs such as timolol and betaxolol in eye drops can be used to treat **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**SYMPATHOMIMETIC** **ALFA 1 AGONIST** **YOHIMBINE** **ATIPAMEZOLE** **BETA** **HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE**. **PRAZOSIN** **DOXAZOSIN** **RECEPTOR BLOCKER** **GLAUCOMA**

**5.Pair the drug names to their description! More than one substance can belong to a description, but not all substances should be used (0.5 point/correct answer)** *Options: codeine, dihydrocodeine, N-acetylcysteine, carbocysteine, ambroxol, bromhexine, dextromethorphan, naltrexone, guaifenesin, eucalyptus volatile oil, thymus volatile oil* 1. This antitussive can be safely used in cats without the occurrence of morphine derivatives-induced excitation: 2. This expectorant can be safely used with antitussives: 3. This mucolytic contains sulfhydryl groups: 4. This expectorant is a metabolite of bromhexine: 5. This drug can only be used initially intravenously (loading) in horses, later orally BID (maintenance): 6. This volatile oil act on mucous membrane of the airways and can cause local hyperaemia: 7. This antitussive can be used orally and can cause excitation in cats:

1. **DEXTROMETHORPHAN** 2. **GUAIFENESIN** 3. **CARBOCYSTEINE** 4. **AMBROXOL** 5. **DEMBREXINE** 6. **EUCALYPTUS VOLATILE OIL** 7. **CODEINE**

**6.Give short answers to the questions below! (1 point/answer)** 1. Which has a higher analgesic potency: Xylazine or Detomidine? 2. Do phenothiazines have analgesic effect? 3. Do butyrophenones have analgesic effect? 4. Do alpha-2 agonists have analgesic effect? 5. Does acepromazine has analgesic effect?

1. **DETOMIDINE** 2. Do phenothiazines have analgesic effect? **NO** 3. Do butyrophenones have analgesic effect? **YES** 4. Do alpha-2 agonists have analgesic effect? **YES** 5. Does acepromazine has analgesic effect? **NO**

**7.Fill the sentences!** Corneal ulcers can be diagnosed with **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**. In these cases, if there is a risk of perforation, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are not recommended for topical treatment. Among the anti-inflammatory drugs, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are contraindicated in these cases. For the treatment we can apply **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, which causes cycloplegia, and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** which has protease inhibitor effect

**FLUORESCEIN EYE STAIN** **GLUCOCORTICOIDS** **GLUCOCORTICOIDS** **ATROPINE** **OWN BLOOD SERUM**,

**8.Pair the administration routes to their description! Not more than 5 answers can be written, otherwise the task will not be accepted. (1 point/answer)** *Options: SC, IM, IP, IO, IC, ID, IA* 1. This route is used most commonly in laboratory animals: 2. Fluid therapy can be given via this route if veins cannot be used (e.g. young, dehydrated animals): 3. Usually, anti-inflammatory drugs and hyaluronic acid are given this way: 4. This route is used for allergy testing: 5. Propofol can only be given this way:

1. **IP** 2. **IP (IO)** 3. **IV** 4. **ID** 5. **IV**

**9.Pair the substances to their description! (1 point/answer)** *Options: diazepam, primidone, propofol, cannabidol, gabapentin, phenytoin, midazolam, alprazolam* 1. This drug can be used for anesthesia premedication: 2. This can be a supplementary therapy in the long. term control of epilepsy besides the traditional antiepileptic medications: 3. This active substance is used for the management of phonophobia: 4. Status epilepticus can be treated with this drug: 5. It is not recommended in veterinary medicine for the long-term control of epilepsy due to its hepatotoxic effect:

1. **DIAZEPAM** 2. **CANNABIDIOL** 3. **ALPRAZOLAM** 4. **DIAZEPAM, MIDAZOLAM** 5. **PRIMIDONE**