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RUSVM Nutrition > Small Ruminant -sheep > Flashcards

Small Ruminant -sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What breed of sheep form South Africa holds fat in its tail

A

Van Rooy fat tail sheep

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2
Q

What is the difference between hair and wool

A

Wool is thinner

Wool animals first appeared in Spain in the Middle Ages

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3
Q

What are the uses of sheep

A

Meat
Diary
Wool

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4
Q

Australian Merinos are raised for?

A

Wool

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5
Q

South African mutton Marino are raised for?

A

Meat and wool

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6
Q

Manchega and Friesian sheep are raised for?

A

Dairy

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7
Q

Dorper and Suffolk sheep are raised for ?

A

Meat

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8
Q

What is the single largest cost to sheep farming

A

Nutrition

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9
Q

T/F: sheep raised on range conditions have all their nutritional needs met?

A

False

Poor nutrition -> high mortality

Rangeland has low nutritional value

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10
Q

Haired sheep breed that has a white body and black head

A

Dorper

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11
Q

When does the daily consumption of water increase for a sheep?

A

Summer

Lactation and gestation

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12
Q

_______________ in sheep can lead to reduced growth, poor fertility, and decreased wool production

A

Energy deficiency

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13
Q

For sheep, is the quality or quantity of protein more important

A

Quantity

  • > green pastures provide adequate amount for sheep
  • > dried, mature pastures do not
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14
Q

Most minerals and vitamins can be met with normal grazing for sheep. However, __________ may be important to suppplemtn in winter and ____________ may be needed for sheep in confinement

A

VitA; VitD

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15
Q

In normal conditions, 90% of ewes have a body condition score of _________

A

2-4

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16
Q

What weight changes are seen in a ewe through the year?

A

Slight rise during early-mid gestation

Steep increase during late gestation

Steep fall after lambing

Falls during lactation further

Starts to return to normal at weaning

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17
Q

What is flushing the ewe??

A

Increase BW prior to breeding
Increase ovulation rate
Increase lambing rate

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18
Q

What is the ewe fed to “flush” her?

A

Good quality pasture

OR

Supplemental feeding with grain or pellets

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19
Q

Lamb death can usually be attributed to ________________ during gestation and lactation

A

Poor maternal nutrition

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20
Q

In the first 15weeks of gestation, the ewe should be fed how?

A

Under normal conditions
Close to maintenance
Based on pasture
Minimal supplementation

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21
Q

In the last 6weeks of gestation, the ewe should be fed how?

A

Need supplementation
High energy needs

Critical period of growth -> 70% of fetal growth

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22
Q

At the time of parturition the ewe should be fed??

A

Good quality forage

Supplementation -> onset of lactation

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23
Q

How much higher are the energy needs of a lactating ewe compared to that of the maintenance weight

A

2-3x

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24
Q

Milk production usually peaks around ______ weeks post-parturition

A

3

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25
Q

The ewe can produce between ______ and _______ lbs of milk per day

A

3-6

26
Q

Lambing in the spring, the ewe will be feeding on ________ and should be supplemented with _________

A

Pasture, grain

27
Q

Lambing in the fall, the ewe will be feeding on ________ and should be supplemented with _________

A

Forage; grain

28
Q

What are the advantages of flushing in sheep production?

A

Increase BW prior to breeding
Increase ovulation rate
Increase lambing rate

29
Q

Young lambs should be fed what?

A

Need colostrum, milk, or milk replacer

Have a non-functional rumen

30
Q

Why is colostrum important to the lamb?

A

Trasfter passive immunity

Immunoglobulin from the Dam to the lamb-> disease tolerance

31
Q

Naturally, labs are weaned around ______ days

A

60

32
Q

Artificially reared lambs can be weaned as early as _______ days

A

30

33
Q

Recently weaned labs need what sort of feed?

A

High energy

18-19% CP

34
Q

How are most lambs finished in the US??

A

Enter feedlot at 60-90lbs or 5-6months

Good quality pasture followed by short feedlot phase

Hay supplemented with grain

35
Q

Replacement ewes are normally bred for the first time so they can lamb at how many years

A

1 or 2 yrs

36
Q

What are the advantages to breeding replacement ewes at 7-8months?

A

Reduce maintenance cost
Shortens generation interval
Increase productive lifetime
Early selection

37
Q

How long is gestation in a sheep?

A

5months

38
Q

If a ewe is fed on a higher plane of nutrition, it will accelerate the maturity of the ewe, how can this be acheived?

A

Introduce starter rations with cereals

Target is 0.5lb/day (this is not possible on forage alone)

39
Q

What would be an advantage to breeding repleacement ewes at 2 yrs old?

A

Can be done under range conditions
Limited supplementation except during winter

High quality nutrition is not as critical in this system as in breeding at younger ages

40
Q

How does the wight of a repleacment lamb compare to a yearling ram

A

Yearling almost double

41
Q

Is pasture sufficient enough feed for rams?

A

Yearlings cannot

Supplement

  • hay
  • cereal (winter and on poor quality pasture)

Mature rams can

42
Q

A ram lamb is fed _________lb of feed per day and a yearling ram is fed ________ lb of feed per day

A

5-5.5

6.5-7

43
Q

Nutriton related problems are associated to what in sheep

A

Feed and environmental stress

44
Q

Enterotoxemia in sheep is AKA ______________ and is caused by _________

A

Overeating / pulpy kidney disease

Clostridium perfringens type D

45
Q

What is the pathogenesis of overeating disese?

A

Under certain conditions (like stress) -> rapid growth of bacteria -> toxin release

-> eneroclolitis and increase permeability of blood vessels

Swelling of lungs and kidney

46
Q

What sheep are more prone to getting enterotoxemia ?

A

Larger or fast-gaining lambs

47
Q

Sheep

Loss of appetite
Abdominal discomfort (kicking at belly and arching the back)
Profuse diarrhea
Sudden death

A

Enterotoxemia

Diagnosis can be confirmed at necropsy and by glucosuria

48
Q

How is enterotoxemia prevented/treated?

A

Prevent - vaccination

Treat

  • C and D antitoxin
  • thiamin (vit B1) IM
  • replace fluids IV or SQ
49
Q

Lambs

Depressed
Off feed
Abdomen distended
Bladder rupture

A

Urinate calculli

-if urethra has ruptured, swelling along the penis will also be observed

50
Q

How can a urniary calculli be prevented?

A

Maintain Ca:P, ideally 2:1

Cool, clean water
Adequate water space for all animals
Addition of salt or trace mineral -> increase water uptake
Add 0.5% ammonium chloride to ration to acidity urine

51
Q

A fetal prolapse in sheep can be associated with?

A

Genetics
Feeding pelleted rations
Rustiness of ration -> coughing
Short or docked tails

52
Q

Urinary calculli are associated wth?

A

Ramon’s in a drylot/feedlot

53
Q

What disease follows nutritional problems in lambs and leads to diarrhea and sudden death

A

Enterotoxemia

54
Q

Sheep

Lethargic
Reduced appetite 
Poor quality would 
Open fleece 
Small size and poor body condition
A

Cobalt deficiency

55
Q

A cobalt deficiency is commonly observed in _________ during what time of the year?

A

Lambs in late summer / fall

Often complicated by parasitic gastroenteritis

56
Q

Treatment for cobalt deficiency

A

IM vit B12

Drenching with 1mg/kg of cobalt sulphate

Retail bolus of cobalt (expensive)

57
Q

______ deficiency is common when sheep graze pastures low in this nutrient but more often high in iron

A

Copper

58
Q

Lamb

Hind leg weakness
Poor wool quality
Anemia
Poor bone mineralization

A

Copper deficiency

59
Q

Treatment of copper deficiency ?

A

Injection of copper heptonate

Supplement copper oxide

60
Q

What breed is more sensitive to copper poisoning

A

North Ronaldsay

Have adapted to low copper by digests of seaweed -> if moved to pasture -> toxicity

61
Q

Feeding grain treated with propionic acid may increase the risk of what disease

A

Selenium and vitE deficiency

Aka white muscle disease

62
Q

How is white muscle disease prevented

A

Feed medication
Periodic drenching
Se injection
Free access licks/minerals

RUSVM Nutrition (16 decks)

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