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RUSVM Nutrition > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

A horse is considered geriatric is if is greater than ____ years

A

20

Geriatric horses are in increasing segment of the population

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2
Q

A horse should be fed based on the needs of ??

A

Large intestinal tract

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3
Q

T/F: horses have continuous dentition eruption and continuously growing teeth

A

False

Yes - continuous eruption
No - continuous growing (teeth are a fixed length)

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4
Q

The maxilla is wider than the mandible in the horse, what dentition problems can arise ?

A

Points on the outside of the maxilla and on the inside of the mandible

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5
Q

T/F: hooks can form on the rostral incisors of the maxilla, and at the caudal aspect of the molars on the mandible

A

True

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6
Q

The stomach of a horse is can hold about ___L of content

A

8

this is the same size as a lg pg–> small meals “nibbler”

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7
Q

Where are high quality proteins digested?

A

Pre-cecal

-mixed feeds are up to 55% digested in SI

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8
Q

Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K are absorbed where?

A

Small intestine

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9
Q

Digestion and feed intake problems will occur if more than _____% of the small intestine of a horse is removed

A

50

Average length is about 70ft

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10
Q

What is the goal of carbohydrate absorption in the horse?

A

That 100% of crabs are absorbed in small intestine (ideally)

–> hydrolyzable carbohydrates; starches

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11
Q

What nutrients are absorbed in the SI of horse?

A 
Protein -as amino acids
Fat- triglycerides and glycerol 
Sugars and starches- glucose 
Vitamins (ADEK) 
Minerals - Ca, Mg, and Phos
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12
Q

Feed from a single meal can appear in the large intestine within ____ hours from intake

A

2

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13
Q

Where is the primary site of water absorption in horse

A

Large intestine

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14
Q

Digestion in the large intestine is largely a result of ??

A

Microbial fermentation

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15
Q

Microbes within the large intestine break down ____________ to produce VFA

A

Structural carbohydrate of plants (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lingo-cellulose)

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16
Q

What clinical disease will results form an altered microbial ecology in the large intestine?

A

COLIC (and die)

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17
Q

Starch and fructans are _________ type of carbohydrate

A

Non-structural

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18
Q

Cellulose, hemicellulose, lingo-cellulose, and lignin are _________ type of carbohydrate

A

Structural

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19
Q

Hydrolyzable carbohydrates are absorbed in the __________

A

Small intestine

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20
Q

Fermentable carbohydrates are absorbed in the _______________

A

Large intestine

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21
Q

T/F: high quality pasture or hay could fulfill the daily nutrient requirement of most horses

A

True

22
Q

What should be used to assess long-term nutrition of a feeding regimen for horses?

A

Body condition

23
Q

The nutrient composition is most variable in _______

A

Forages

- due to growth and harvesting conditions

24
Q

T/F grains vary little in nutrient composition

A

True

25
Q

How does processing effect rate of passage through the GI?

A

Increases rate of passage thus decreasing digestibility

  • this is usually outweighed by an increased SA
26
Q

About 30% of phosphorus is available due to ________

A

Phytates

27
Q

Phytates and oxalates affect the availability of what micronutrient?

A

Calcium

28
Q

__________ is essential for proper function of the GIT in horse

A

Forage

Cellulose –> volatile fatty acids –> lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis

29
Q

________ acre of good pasture can support 2 mature light breed horses

A

1

30
Q

__________ acres of dry rage pasture (eg Rocky Mountains and Great Plains) is needed to support 1 horse/year

A

30-60

31
Q

Why do we want to maximized the roughage components of horse diet?

A

Economical
Benefits horse by decreasing predisposition to vices
Mimic pasture situation
Leaves contain 2/3 energy and 3/4 protein

32
Q

What is the criteria for good quality hay?

A

Harvested early -digestibility and protein content decreases as it matures

Free of mold, dust, weeds

Not undergone excessive weathering

Leafy and not stemmy

33
Q

What can make legumes have a variable nutrient composition?

A

Leaves store much of nutrients. If lost will change composition

34
Q

__________ provides 2-3x more protein and Ca than hays, and also is a source of carotene and vitE

A

Legumes

35
Q

T/F: the nutrient composition of grasses is more variable than legumes

A

False

Leaves are more firmly attached- less loss of quality dependent on harvesting

36
Q

What are the advantages of beet pulp?

A

High energy -fermented in large colon

Can substitute for roughage or grain

Can be 50% of diet

Low glycemic index (prevent metabolic disease)

37
Q

Rice, oats, barley, and husked sorghum are all ???

A

Seeds with hulls

Hulls are high in fiber!

38
Q

Milo, corn, wheat, and rye are all??

A

Seeds without hulls

39
Q

T/F: grains are high energy and fiber, but very low Ca and most vitamins

A

False
High energy

Low fiber, Ca, vitamins

40
Q

What are the advantages of corn?

A

Twice the energy of oats
Lower cost/unit
Consistent quality
High vitA

41
Q

What are disadvantages of corn?

A

Requires careful management
Lower protein content than oats
Lowest quantity of protein (low in lysine and tryptophan)

Mold toxicity - fusarium moniliform

42
Q

What are the advantages of oats

A

Safer due to higher fiber content

Better protein quality and quantity than corn

43
Q

What are the disadvantages of oats?

A

Inconsistent quality (vary due to amount of hulls present)

Cost

44
Q

What is the most common protein supplement used for horses?

A

Soybean meal

High in lysine and tryptophan (ideal for corn based diets which are low in both of these)

45
Q

What is the best recommended source of fat for horses?

A

Corn oil

2x the digestible energy of corn

46
Q

The combination of high fat/roughage diet can prevent daily dry mater intake from exceeding 2.5% BWt. Why might this be beneficial?

A

Decrease amount of weight carried

Minimizes potential for carbohydrate overloading

47
Q

In the high fat diet, the fat component is added by adding _________. Should oils be added as well?

A

Rice bran

No oils-> will make the food unpalatable

48
Q

What are the two types of commercially prepared feeds?

A

Complete feeds - have some form of roughage and can be fed without additional hay

Grain mixes- must have an additional source of roughage

49
Q

What are the advantages of using complete feeds

A

Increased intake
Decreased waste

Requires less storage space
Not dusty and no hay belly

50
Q

What are disadvantages to using complete feeds

A

Predisposed to choke

Hidden poor quality feeds

RUSVM Nutrition (16 decks)

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