Poultry Flashcards
What re the three types of activities/ levels of industry for poultry?
Genetic/selection farms (primary breeders) Reproduction farms (breeders + hatchery) Production farms
Broiler production animals are raised in a _______________ system
All in all out
Broiler production takes ________ weeks from day one to market
6-7
Feeding costs are ________ of the total operation costs of poultry farms
2/3
Poultry energy is supplied by ??
Grains
Grain by-product
Animal and vegetable fats
Grains are __________% of the total ration in poultry feed
50-80
What is the most commonly used grain in poultry feed?
Corn/maize
Is a chicken is fed a low energy diet they will eat (more or less) than when they are fed a high energy diet
More
If you are feeding your chickens a high energy ration, what must you do to your nutrients in that feed?
Increase the nutrient concentration
Can oats or barley be used to replace corn in poultry feed?
Cannot completely replace corn –> limit incorporation (10-15%)
Fats in poultry diets should not make up more that ____% of the feed
5-10
What problems can occur with fats in feed, especially in hot climates
Rancidity
What are the most important AA in poultry feed?
Arginine, glycine, lysine, methionine, and tryptophan
T/F: poultry feed should be balanced for AA content rather than for CP content
True
Quality of the protein is more important than quantity
Which animal will drink the most H20? A. Broiler 1 week old B. Broiler 8 weeks old C. Hen 1 week old D. Hen 2O weeks old
B. Broiler 8 weeks old -> 75.5gallons/1000head/day
Hen 20weeks -> 55-61gallons/1000head/day
Broiler 1week -> 8.5gallons/1000head/day
Hen 1week -> 7.5gallons/1000head/day
What mineral is particularly important for laying hens?
Calcium
What are good sources of Ca, to aid in eggshell formation?
Oyster shell
Limestone
Do pelleted feeds have more or less nutrients per volume of feed?
More
-> higher intake of nutrients
T/F: young animals should be fed on pelleted diets
False
What are the different forms of commercial poultry feed and at what life stages are they fed to?
Mash (new hatchling chicks)
Pellet - adult
Crumble (larger pieces than crumble, juvenile)
What is phase feeding?
Specific feeds are used to meet the changing requirements of poultry throughout their productive life
For poultry in egg production, what life stage requires the highest protein %?
Chicks- starter
Grower
Developer
Layer
Starter chicks 18-20%
Starter>grower>layer>developer
A grower ration with 15%protein for egg production poultry should be given to chickens between __________ weeks
6-14
Laying hens fed ___% protein feed
14.5
How much oyster shell is supplemented to laying hens ?
2.5pounds per hen per year
A light breed egg producer will consume ______ pounds/hen/year, while a heavy breed will consume ______ pounds/hen/year
85-90; 95-115
T/F: higher salt concentrations are given to laying hens to decrease the occurrence of wet droppings
False
LOWER salt is given to decrease occurrence of wet droppings
What is the first limiting AA to laying hens?
Methionine
What are the three phases of broiler feeding?
Starter (0-3wks)
Grower (3-6wk)
Finisher (6wk +)
What has a higher CP content, grower or finisher diet for boiler chickens?
Grower diet (20-22%)
Finisher diet is less at 18-20%
T/F: feeds may still contain coccidiostat additives without prescription
True
However, antibiotics DO require prescription
Feed conversion is an important indicator of success in poultry production and is dependent on?
Genetics Type of feed used Temp Feed waste Additives Management
What are the major differences in turkey feed vs chicken feed
Protein levels are different
Vitamin composition is different
Pre starter ration for turkey poults has ___% protein and starter has ____% protein
28; 26
Pre-starter feeds for turkey poults have high levels of ??
Antibiotics (prescription )
Vitamin
AA
Energy
-> turkey poults get stressed easily
Are the Toms or Females usually grown to a later stage?
Toms
As turkeys become older, energy levels and protein levels (increase/decrease)
Energy level INCREASE
Protein level DECREASE
Toms are marketed at _________ weeks and hens are marketed at ________ weeks
18-20 (23-35lbs) ; 14-16 (14lbs)
What is the feed conversion of turkeys
2.75 to 3.25 pounds of feed per pound of live turkey
Ducklings and goslings should be fed a starter diet of _____% protein
22
Ducks get a finisher diet of ______% protein
15-16
Ducks and geese require a higher % of ______ than chickens
Niacin
