Small Ruminant - Goat, Aplaca, Cervid

Question 1

What type of feeders are goats?

Answer 1

Browsers - selective eaters, feed on grass and bush

Question 2

Who drinks the most water?

Meat goat
Late gestating goat
Early gestating goat
Lactation

Answer 2

Lactating goat

Lactation>gestation> maintenance (meat goat)

Question 3

Does a goat consume more water in late or early gestation

Answer 3

Late gestation

Question 4

What is the primary source of feed for a goat

Answer 4

Fiber -> maintain healthy rumen function

Question 5

What is the minimum about of roughage fed to a goat per 100lbs body weight

Answer 5

1/2 lb per 100lb body weight

Question 6

Energy is a severe limitation in what types of goats?

Answer 6

Dairy goats > fiber goats

Not a limiting factor in meat goats

Question 7

T/F: in goat nutrition, protein quantity is more important than quality

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Excess protein in a goat diet goes where?

Answer 8

Turned into energy-> obesity

Environmental waste

Question 9

What are the macro minerals ?

Answer 9

Salt, Ca, P, Mg, K,and S

Question 10

Why is it important to balance Ca:P intake

Answer 10

High P and low Ca cause urinary blockages

Grain has a high P and low Ca

Question 11

What mineral deficiencies are common in goats?

Answer 11

Iodine, selenium, and zinc

Question 12

Where do goats get their vitamins

Answer 12

Most synthesized in rumen

Question 13

What are two vitamins that can be limiting for goats?

Answer 13

Vit A

Vit B12 (cobalt)

Question 14

In your practice, you are presented with he obese pet goat. What do you recommend to the owner?

Answer 14

Decrease the amount of concentrate intake and decrease the amount of fiber intake

Question 15

How much feed of grass hay is fed during early and mid gestation?

Answer 15

3 to 4 lbs

Question 16

How much feed of average quality hay is given during late gestation?

Answer 16

4 to 5 lbs

Question 17

T/F: goats should be fed grain during the full time of the pregnancy

Answer 17

False

Only during late gestation

Question 18

How much grain should be fed to goats in late gestation?

Answer 18

1/2 to 1 lb per day

Question 19

What kind and how much feed should be fed to lactating goats?

Answer 19

4 to 5lbs of best quality hay +1lb of grain for each offspring

Question 20

Energy requirements during peak lactation are higher than what can be provided by the diet. What does it mean for the goats body condition ?

Answer 20

Goat is in a negative energy balance-> mobilization of body fat -> decrease in body condition

Question 21

If does are thin in the latter stage of lactation /early pregnancy, what can be done to increase the energy of their diet?

Answer 21

Improve hay quality
Graze good pasture
Feed concentrate

Question 22

In the 6weeks leading up to kidding, how should the goat be fed?

Answer 22

Good quality hay/pasture + concentrate

Question 23

Peak lactation for a goat is _________ days

Answer 23

30-55

Question 24

Angora goats are used in what production

Answer 24

Fiber

Question 25

Angora goats are shorn twice a year, how should you manage feed changes?

Answer 25

Goats are very sensitive to stress and diet changes -> any food changes should be done gradually and you should avoid doing this at shearing time.

Question 26

A deficiency in iodine causes what ?

Answer 26

Goiter (enlarged thyroid)

Question 27

T/F: kids of dams that are iodine deficient will also have goiter

Answer 27

True

Question 28

How can you avoid goiter in your goats?

Answer 28

Offer iodized salts

Kelp (seaweed)

Question 29

Goat with..

Excessive salivation 
Deformed hooves
Stiff joints 
Skin problems 
Small testicles and libido 

What does it have?

Answer 29

Zinc deficiency

-> use mineral blocks in endemic areas

Question 30

T/F: Alpacas are ruminants

Answer 30

False

Not true ruminants

Question 31

What kind of feeders are alpacas?

Answer 31

Grazers

Prefer bottomland vegetation of meadows and marshes

Question 32

Should you give your alpacas mineral blocks?

Answer 32

No that would be a huge waste of money

Alpacas do not lick themselves, young, or mineral blocks..

Question 33

How is the alpacas mouth different form other animal?

Answer 33

Upper lip is split by a labial cleft -> each side is separate

Dental pad on top

Question 34

The alpaca stomach has how many compartments?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

The glandular saccules are found on the ventral surfaces of what two compartments? What are the functions?

Answer 35

C1 and C2

Nutrient absorption
Addition of mucus, glycoproteins, and urea
Secrete bicarbonate

Question 36

What compartment of the alpaca digestive tract is tubular and part will have true gastric glands

Answer 36

C3

Question 37

Why do alpacas perform better than sheep on poor quality roughage?

Answer 37

Slower particulate passage time-> more time for microflora to act

Faster liquid passage time -> faster protein removal

Greater vol of saliva

Efficient energy output

Question 38

When are alpacas usually active eating?

How long are they eating and how lung do they ruminate ?

Answer 38

Dawn and dusk

Eat for 5-6hours per day
Ruminate for 8-9hors per day

Question 39

Elk and deer give birth during when?

Answer 39

May to July

Question 40

Hinds, a female deer, will consume the most at what time of year?

Answer 40

Spring and summer

Question 41

When do stages need maximum nutrition?

Answer 41

Winter -> following breeding season in fall

Question 42

Summer pastures should contain______ and ________ for cervids

Answer 42

Grass and legumes

Deer and elk rarely bloat

Question 43

A mature hind will consume _____ to _____ lbs of dry matter per day in the winter

Answer 43

4 to 6

In summer will consume more

Question 44

Stag weight loss is related to??

Answer 44

Energy required for breeding and antagonistic behavior