Small Ruminant - Goat, Aplaca, Cervid Flashcards
What type of feeders are goats?
Browsers - selective eaters, feed on grass and bush
Who drinks the most water?
Meat goat
Late gestating goat
Early gestating goat
Lactation
Lactating goat
Lactation>gestation> maintenance (meat goat)
Does a goat consume more water in late or early gestation
Late gestation
What is the primary source of feed for a goat
Fiber -> maintain healthy rumen function
What is the minimum about of roughage fed to a goat per 100lbs body weight
1/2 lb per 100lb body weight
Energy is a severe limitation in what types of goats?
Dairy goats > fiber goats
Not a limiting factor in meat goats
T/F: in goat nutrition, protein quantity is more important than quality
True
Excess protein in a goat diet goes where?
Turned into energy-> obesity
Environmental waste
What are the macro minerals ?
Salt, Ca, P, Mg, K,and S
Why is it important to balance Ca:P intake
High P and low Ca cause urinary blockages
Grain has a high P and low Ca
What mineral deficiencies are common in goats?
Iodine, selenium, and zinc
Where do goats get their vitamins
Most synthesized in rumen
What are two vitamins that can be limiting for goats?
Vit A
Vit B12 (cobalt)
In your practice, you are presented with he obese pet goat. What do you recommend to the owner?
Decrease the amount of concentrate intake and decrease the amount of fiber intake
How much feed of grass hay is fed during early and mid gestation?
3 to 4 lbs
How much feed of average quality hay is given during late gestation?
4 to 5 lbs
T/F: goats should be fed grain during the full time of the pregnancy
False
Only during late gestation
How much grain should be fed to goats in late gestation?
1/2 to 1 lb per day
What kind and how much feed should be fed to lactating goats?
4 to 5lbs of best quality hay +1lb of grain for each offspring
Energy requirements during peak lactation are higher than what can be provided by the diet. What does it mean for the goats body condition ?
Goat is in a negative energy balance-> mobilization of body fat -> decrease in body condition
If does are thin in the latter stage of lactation /early pregnancy, what can be done to increase the energy of their diet?
Improve hay quality
Graze good pasture
Feed concentrate
In the 6weeks leading up to kidding, how should the goat be fed?
Good quality hay/pasture + concentrate
Peak lactation for a goat is _________ days
30-55
Angora goats are used in what production
Fiber
Angora goats are shorn twice a year, how should you manage feed changes?
Goats are very sensitive to stress and diet changes -> any food changes should be done gradually and you should avoid doing this at shearing time.
A deficiency in iodine causes what ?
Goiter (enlarged thyroid)
T/F: kids of dams that are iodine deficient will also have goiter
True
How can you avoid goiter in your goats?
Offer iodized salts
Kelp (seaweed)
Goat with..
Excessive salivation Deformed hooves Stiff joints Skin problems Small testicles and libido
What does it have?
Zinc deficiency
-> use mineral blocks in endemic areas
T/F: Alpacas are ruminants
False
Not true ruminants
What kind of feeders are alpacas?
Grazers
Prefer bottomland vegetation of meadows and marshes
Should you give your alpacas mineral blocks?
No that would be a huge waste of money
Alpacas do not lick themselves, young, or mineral blocks..
How is the alpacas mouth different form other animal?
Upper lip is split by a labial cleft -> each side is separate
Dental pad on top
The alpaca stomach has how many compartments?
3
The glandular saccules are found on the ventral surfaces of what two compartments? What are the functions?
C1 and C2
Nutrient absorption
Addition of mucus, glycoproteins, and urea
Secrete bicarbonate
What compartment of the alpaca digestive tract is tubular and part will have true gastric glands
C3
Why do alpacas perform better than sheep on poor quality roughage?
Slower particulate passage time-> more time for microflora to act
Faster liquid passage time -> faster protein removal
Greater vol of saliva
Efficient energy output
When are alpacas usually active eating?
How long are they eating and how lung do they ruminate ?
Dawn and dusk
Eat for 5-6hours per day
Ruminate for 8-9hors per day
Elk and deer give birth during when?
May to July
Hinds, a female deer, will consume the most at what time of year?
Spring and summer
When do stages need maximum nutrition?
Winter -> following breeding season in fall
Summer pastures should contain______ and ________ for cervids
Grass and legumes
Deer and elk rarely bloat
A mature hind will consume _____ to _____ lbs of dry matter per day in the winter
4 to 6
In summer will consume more
Stag weight loss is related to??
Energy required for breeding and antagonistic behavior
