Equine 2 Flashcards
The national research council represents what for the nutrient requirements in horses?
Minimum requirements
-doesnt account well for micronutrients
You should used ________x the vitamins and minerals that is recommended by the NRC
1.25-3
You should use ________x the protein and digestible energy that is recommended but the NRC
1
The NRC values are okay for this
Under normal conditions, a horse usually requires 25-70ml/kg/day of water. By how much does lactation and excercise increase this need?
Lactation increase by 50-80%
Exercise increase by 20-400%
What is the average digestible energy requirement for a horse?
16.4Mcal/day
What factors will alter the digestible energy needs of horse
Individual activity
Physiologic state
Thermal stress
T/F: the level of conditioning, training, ability of rider, and environment will all affect DE for work?
True
What is the rule of thumb for energy maintenance of draft horses?
10% M + maintenance per hour of field work
Light intensity work required an ___% increase in DE
25
Medium intensity work requires ______% increase DM for work
50
Intense work requires an increase of _____% DE
100
Flip for fun fact.
Protein requirements are dependent on physiological state
Eg in growth the animo acid profile is very important, but no so much in the mature horse
What is the first limiting amino acid in the horse
Lysine
Is a higher protein level required in early OR late lactation?
Early (2.1%) > late (1.8%)
In a mature workin horse daily protein requirements are met if fed _____% protein in diet, and the horse eats _______% body weight dry matter
8-10%; 2-3%
If there is a decreased quality or intake of proteins what will you see in young and mature horses?
Young - decreased growth and development
Mature- reduced feed intake, loss of body condition, poor hoof and hair growth
Are we concerned about an excess of protein in the diet?
Yes
At 25% or greater excess –> growth depression
What signs are associated with excess protein in race horses?
Increased sweating, HR, and resp rate
Increased water requirement and urine volume
Slower racing time
What is the ideal ratio of Ca/P in a growth horse?
2:1
In adults can be 1:1 - 6:1
What is usually the only vitamin that is inadequate in rations fed to horses?
Vit A
Where can Vit A be obtained for horses?
Green hay (quality is proportional to green colour)
Liver stores 3-6 months of Vit A
What antioxidant is high in green growing pasture but will decrease with forage maturity and storage?
Vit E
What issues can arise if there is no exposure to pasture?
Musculoskeletal disorder
Neurological disorder
What re the energy and protein requirements of a breeding stallion ?
Energy: maintenance +25%
Protein : 10%
What are the energy and protein requirements of a gestating mare?
Energy
- 1x maintenance at 9months
- 13x maintenance at 10months
- 2x maintenance at 11months
Protein 12-14% in last trimester
When does peak lactation occur in equine?
5-6wks
High water intake!
12-14% protein grain supplement
Just incase you forgot.. what is the first limiting amino acid in horse
Lysine
Who needs the highest protein content, a yearling, weanling, or nursing foal?
Nursing (14-16%) > weanling (13%) > yearling (12%)
Why do we feed grain to our horses?
As an energy supplement
What are problems assorted with grain in horses
GI disorders
Metabolic disorders
How can we increase the safety of feed and reduce risk of colic in horses
Hulls -> higher in fiber
Type of starch -> will determine where it is digested which is relevant to clinical problems (ideally want a grainy that is 100% pre-cecally digested)
If large amounts of hydrolyzable carbohydrates reach the large intestine, what occurs?
Decrease pH (acidification with grain)
Altered flora and change in VFA profile
-decreased acetate, increase lactate
An increased lactate in the large intestine interferes with __________ uptake and cell turnover control
Butyrate
What problems are associated with acid gut syndrome?
Behavior problems
GI, skin and respiratory infections
How can your prevent acid gut syndrome?
Stop the grain!
Alternatives like.. fat, rice bran, or beet pulp
If using grain still.. change to one that is more pre-cecally digested
Processing to increase digestibility
Limit grain feeding
Slow adaption
Forage should minimally make up ___% BW and ______% of the total ration
1; 50
