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RUSVM Nutrition > Equine 2 > Flashcards

Equine 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The national research council represents what for the nutrient requirements in horses?

A

Minimum requirements

-doesnt account well for micronutrients

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2
Q

You should used ________x the vitamins and minerals that is recommended by the NRC

A

1.25-3

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3
Q

You should use ________x the protein and digestible energy that is recommended but the NRC

A

1

The NRC values are okay for this

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4
Q

Under normal conditions, a horse usually requires 25-70ml/kg/day of water. By how much does lactation and excercise increase this need?

A

Lactation increase by 50-80%

Exercise increase by 20-400%

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5
Q

What is the average digestible energy requirement for a horse?

A

16.4Mcal/day

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6
Q

What factors will alter the digestible energy needs of horse

A

Individual activity
Physiologic state
Thermal stress

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7
Q

T/F: the level of conditioning, training, ability of rider, and environment will all affect DE for work?

A

True

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8
Q

What is the rule of thumb for energy maintenance of draft horses?

A

10% M + maintenance per hour of field work

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9
Q

Light intensity work required an ___% increase in DE

A

25

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10
Q

Medium intensity work requires ______% increase DM for work

A

50

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11
Q

Intense work requires an increase of _____% DE

A

100

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12
Q

Flip for fun fact.

A

Protein requirements are dependent on physiological state

Eg in growth the animo acid profile is very important, but no so much in the mature horse

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13
Q

What is the first limiting amino acid in the horse

A

Lysine

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14
Q

Is a higher protein level required in early OR late lactation?

A

Early (2.1%) > late (1.8%)

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15
Q

In a mature workin horse daily protein requirements are met if fed _____% protein in diet, and the horse eats _______% body weight dry matter

A

8-10%; 2-3%

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16
Q

If there is a decreased quality or intake of proteins what will you see in young and mature horses?

A

Young - decreased growth and development

Mature- reduced feed intake, loss of body condition, poor hoof and hair growth

17
Q

Are we concerned about an excess of protein in the diet?

A

Yes

At 25% or greater excess –> growth depression

18
Q

What signs are associated with excess protein in race horses?

A

Increased sweating, HR, and resp rate

Increased water requirement and urine volume

Slower racing time

19
Q

What is the ideal ratio of Ca/P in a growth horse?

A

2:1

In adults can be 1:1 - 6:1

20
Q

What is usually the only vitamin that is inadequate in rations fed to horses?

A

Vit A

21
Q

Where can Vit A be obtained for horses?

A

Green hay (quality is proportional to green colour)

Liver stores 3-6 months of Vit A

22
Q

What antioxidant is high in green growing pasture but will decrease with forage maturity and storage?

A

Vit E

23
Q

What issues can arise if there is no exposure to pasture?

A

Musculoskeletal disorder

Neurological disorder

24
Q

What re the energy and protein requirements of a breeding stallion ?

A

Energy: maintenance +25%

Protein : 10%

25
Q

What are the energy and protein requirements of a gestating mare?

A

Energy

  1. 1x maintenance at 9months
  2. 13x maintenance at 10months
  3. 2x maintenance at 11months

Protein 12-14% in last trimester

26
Q

When does peak lactation occur in equine?

A

5-6wks

High water intake!
12-14% protein grain supplement

27
Q

Just incase you forgot.. what is the first limiting amino acid in horse

A

Lysine

28
Q

Who needs the highest protein content, a yearling, weanling, or nursing foal?

A

Nursing (14-16%) > weanling (13%) > yearling (12%)

29
Q

Why do we feed grain to our horses?

A

As an energy supplement

30
Q

What are problems assorted with grain in horses

A

GI disorders

Metabolic disorders

31
Q

How can we increase the safety of feed and reduce risk of colic in horses

A

Hulls -> higher in fiber

Type of starch -> will determine where it is digested which is relevant to clinical problems (ideally want a grainy that is 100% pre-cecally digested)

32
Q

If large amounts of hydrolyzable carbohydrates reach the large intestine, what occurs?

A

Decrease pH (acidification with grain)

Altered flora and change in VFA profile
-decreased acetate, increase lactate

33
Q

An increased lactate in the large intestine interferes with __________ uptake and cell turnover control

A

Butyrate

34
Q

What problems are associated with acid gut syndrome?

A

Behavior problems

GI, skin and respiratory infections

35
Q

How can your prevent acid gut syndrome?

A

Stop the grain!

Alternatives like.. fat, rice bran, or beet pulp

If using grain still.. change to one that is more pre-cecally digested

Processing to increase digestibility

Limit grain feeding

Slow adaption

36
Q

Forage should minimally make up ___% BW and ______% of the total ration

A

1; 50

RUSVM Nutrition (16 decks)

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