SM_97b: Behavioral Neuroanatomy Flashcards
____ relationship between brain areas and cognition is misleadingly simplistic
One-to-one relationship between brain areas and cognition is misleadingly simplistic
Even ____ brain lesions disrupt large-scale distributed brain networks
Even focal brain lesions disrupt large-scale distributed brain networks
Brain networks are organized based on known ____ and most are related to ____
Brain networks are organized based on known anatomical connectivity and most are related to relatively well-defined cognitive abilities
Limbic regions are involved in ____
Limbic regions are involved in learning and memory
- Hippocampus, amygdala, dorsomedial thalamus, mamillary bodies, hypothalamus, fornix (Papez circuit)
Damage to limbic regions causes ____, ____, ____, and ____
Damage to limbic regions causes amnesia, emotional dysregulation, apathy, and confusion
Learning and memory (limbic regions) are tested via ____ and ____
Learning and memory (limbic regions) are tested via verbal and visuospatial memory tasks
____, ____, and ____ are involved in language
Left hemisphere perisylvian region, pulvinar nucleus of thalamus, and basal ganglia are involved in language
Clinical symptoms following damage to Broca’s area located in the ____ include ____
Clinical symptoms following damage to Broca’s area located in the inferior frontal gyrus include speech production
Clinical symptoms to Wernicke’s area located in the ____ include ____
Clinical symptoms to Wernicke’s area located in the superior temporal gyrus include speech comprehension
Language is tested via the _____
Language is tested via the Boston naming test
____, connections to ____, and ____ are responsible for executive functions
Dorsolateral / dorsomedial / orbitofrontal components of prefrontal cortex, connections to basal ganglia, and cerebellum are responsible for executive functions
Clinical symptoms following damage to dorsolateral / dorsomedial / orbitofrontal components of prefrontal cortex include ____, ____, ____, and ____
Clinical symptoms following damage to dorsolateral / dorsomedial / orbitofrontal components of prefrontal cortex include impulsive / automatic behaviors, poor planning, judgement, and decision making
____, ____, ____, and ____ are used to test executive function
Wisconsin card sorting, Go-NoGo, Stroop, and Trail making are used to test executive function
____, ____, and ____ networks are significant to psychiatric disorders
Central executive, balance, and default-mode networks are significant to psychiatric disorders
Default-mode network is responsible for ____ and ____
Default-mode network is responsible for memory and internal thought
Issues with the ____ network lead to deficits of memory and internal thought
Issues with the default-mode network lead to deficits of memory and internal thought
Salience network is responsible for ____ and ____
Salience network is responsible for emotion and reward regulation
Issues with the ____ network lead to deficits of emotion and reward regulation
Issues with the salience network lead to deficits of emotion and reward regulation
Depressed patients have greater activity in the ____ network
Depressed patients have greater activity in the default-mode network
(depressive episodes last longer with greater subgenual congulate connectivity)
____ network is decreased in schizophrenia
Salience network is decreased in schizophrenia
____ can specifically activate cortical neurons, such as those of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices
TMS can specifically activate cortical neurons, such as those of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices
Enhancement of the default-mode/hippocampal network leads to improved ____
Enhancement of the default-mode/hippocampal network leads to improved memory
Frontotemporal dementia involves disruption of the ____ network
Frontotemporal dementia involves disruption of the salience network
