SM_124b: Neuropsychological Testing Flashcards
Describe theory of clinical neuropsychology
Clinical neuropsychology theory
- Is an applied science of brain-behavior relationships
- Brain dysfunction <-> behavior (cognition, emotion)
- Functional network model: multifaceted cognitive functions are underlain by widely distributed neural networks
- Neurocogntive tests are indirect measures of brain functioning via standardized assessment of cognitive functioning
- Neuropsychologist uses psychometric theory to diagnose neurocognitive dysfunction and relate it to underlying pathology
Functional network model stipulates ____
Functional network model stipulates multifaceted cognitive functions are underlai by widely distributed by neural networks
Psychometic theory posits ____
Psychometic theory posits scores are normally distributed
Neuropsychology scores are standardized by the formula ___
Neuropsychology scores are standardized by the formula
Normal neuropsychological scores are ____ percentile
Normal neuropsychological scores are 9th-90th percentile
(1.3 std dev from the mean)
Neuropsychological exam includes ____, ____, and ____
Neuropsychological exam includes cognitive domain, functional neural networks, and associated conditions
Neuropsychological assessment uses ____ and ____ to estimate premorbid level of cognitive ability
Neuropsychological assessment uses word reading ability and demographics to estimate premorbid level of cognitive ability
Neuropsychological exam measures intellectual functions via the ____
Neuropsychological exam measures intellectual functions via the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model
(fluid reasoning, crystallized knowledge, visual processing, short-term memory, long-term storage and retrieval, processing speed, and auditory processing)
Wechsler Full Scale IQ includes ____, ____, ____, and ____
Wechsler Full Scale IQ includes perceptual reasoning, verbal comprehension, working memory, and visuomotor processing speed
Wechsler General Ability Index includes ____ and ____
Wechsler General Ability Index includes perceptual reasoning and verbal comprehension
Intelligences are ____ and ____
Intelligences are multiple and culture-bound
Selective attention includes ____ and ____
Selective attention includes sensory selective attention and response selection and control
Intensity of attention includes ____, ____, and ____
Intensity of attention includes attentional capacity / focus, sustained attention / vigilance, and speed of information processing
Attention and processing speed is tested on neuropsychological exam via ____, ____, and ____
Attention and processing speed is tested on neuropsychological exam via trail making, digit span, and letter-number sequencing
Executive functions include ____, ____, and ____
Executive functions include problem solving, cognitive control, and behavior regulation
Language portion of neuropsychological exam measures ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Language portion of neuropsychological exam measures expression, comprehension, repetition, naming, verbal fluency, reading, and writing
(left hemisphere dominance for language)
____ is a key component in organizing and consolidating long-term memory that is permanently stored in a distributed fashion in the neocortex
Medial temporal lobe is a key component in organizing and consolidating long-term memory that is permanently stored in a distributed fashion in the neocortex
____ and underlying white matter pathways are essential in facilitating encoding and retrieval
PFC and underlying white matter pathways are essential in facilitating encoding and retrieval
Verbal material is stored in the ____ hemisphere, while visual material is stored in the ____ hemisphere
Verbal material is stored in the language dominant hemisphere, while visual material is stored in the nondominant hemisphere
Encoding involves ____ and has ____ characteristics
Encoding involves immediate recall and has learning curve characteristics
Delayed recall involves ____ and ____
Delayed recall involves spontaneous recall after a delay (20-30 mins) and cued recall
Recognition memory involves ____ and is necessary to assess ____
Recognition memory involves forced choice or multiple choice and is necessary to assess retentive memory
Visuospatial functions portion of neuropsychological assessment involves ____ and ____
Visuospatial functions portion of neuropsychological assessment involves visuoperceptual and visuoconstructional
Visuoperceptual: spatial perception / angulation, visual integration, visual form discrimination
____ stream is for processing objects’ spatial location relevant to the viewer
Dorsal stream is for processing objects’ spatial location relevant to the viewer
____ stream is for object identification and recognition
Ventral stream is for object identification and recognition
Motor functions portion of neuropsychological testing involves ____, ____, and ____
Motor functions portion of neuropsychological testing involves strength, speed, and dexterity
Pyschometric testing for personality and psychopathology involves ____ and ____ scales
Pyschometric testing for personality and psychopathology involves empirically derived and theoretically derived scales
- Empirically derived: clinical scales derived by selecting items that best discriminate between groups of patients diagnosed with various psychopathologies
- Theoretically derived: clinical scales derived from theoretical descriptions of psychopathologic syndromes
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory determines a _____
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory determines a psychological profiles, which reflects the patient’s standing on scales indexing broad domains of psychopathology (depression, anxiety)
(clinically significant is T score > 1.5 standard deviations above the mean)
When is neuropsychology consult appropriate?
Neuropsychology consult is appropriate when
- Specific decision-making capacities
- Cognitive sequelae of TBI
- Suspected developmental disorder (ID, LD, ADHD)
- Pre-post treatment baseline (before surgery, radiation)
- Cognitive sequelae of conditions that affect recognition: HIV/AIDS, autoimmune disorders, psychiatric disorders
When is neuropsychology consult NOT appropriate?
Neuropsychology consult NOT appropriate when
- Frank delirium
- Agitation / uncooperative patient
- Reversible causes of altered mental status have not been ruled out or corrected
- Significant visual / motor / expressive limitations
- Acute psychiatric symptoms requiring inpatient treatment
