SM_110b-111b: Personality Disorders I and II Flashcards
____ is a pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of the individual’s culture
Personality disorder is a pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of the individual’s culture
(cognition, affect, impulse control, and interpersonal functioning)
Personality disorders are ____, ____, and cause ____
Personality disorders are inflexible and pervasive, stable and long duration, and clinically significant distress or impairment
Cluster A personality disorders are ____ and include ____, ____, and ____
Cluster A personality disorders are odd / eccentric and include schizoid, schizotypal, and paranoid
Cluster B personality disorders are ____ and include ____, ____, ____, and ____
Cluster B personality disorders are dramatic / emotional / erratic and include borderline, narcissistic, antisocial, and histrionic
Cluster C personality disorders are ____ and include ____, ____, and ____
Cluster C personality disorders are anxious / fearful and include avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and dependent
Paranoid personality disorder involves ____ and ____
Paranoid personality disorder involves distrust / suspiciousness and interpreting motives of others as malevolent
(Cluster A: odd or eccentric)
Describe symptoms of paranoid personality disorder
Paranoid personality disorder symptoms (4/7)
- Spouse infidelity suspected
- Unforgiving (grudges)
- Suspicious of others
- Perceives attacks (and reacts quickly)
- Enemy or friend - suspects associates and friends
- Confiding in others is feared
- Threats perceived in benign events
(SUSPECT)
Schizoid personality disorder involves ____ and ____
Schizoid personality disorder involves a pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression
(Cluster A: odd or eccentric)
Describe symptoms if schizoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder symptoms (4/7)
- Detached or flattened affect
- Indifferent to criticism and praise
- Sexual experiences of little interest
- Tasks (activities) done solitarily
- Absence of close friends
- Neither desires nor enjoys close relations
- Takes pleasure in few activities
(DISTANT)
Schizotypical personality disorder involves ____, ____, and ____
Schizotypical personality disorder involves acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior
(Cluster A: odd or eccentric)
Describe symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder symptoms (5/9)
- Magical thinking / odd beliefs
- Experiences unusual perceptions
- Paranoid ideation
- Eccentric behavior or appearance
- Constricted or inappropriate affect
- Unusual (odd) thinking and speech
- Lacks close friends
- Ideas of reference
- Anxiety in social situations
- Rule out psychotic disorders and pervasive developmental disorder
(MEPECULIAR)
Antisocial personality disorder involves ____, ____, and ____
Antisocial personality disorder involves deceit, disregard for / violation of others’ rights, and manipulation
(Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic)
Describe symptoms of antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder symptoms (3/7)
- Conformity to law lacking
- Obligations ignored
- Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
- Remorse hacking
- Underhanded (deceitful, lies, cons others)
- Planning insufficient (impulsive)
- Temper (irritable and aggressive)
CORRUPT
Borderline personality disorder involves ____, ____, ____, and ____
Borderline personality disorder involves instability in interpersonal relationships, instability in self-image, affective lability, or marked impulsivity
(Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic)
Describe symptoms of borderline personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder symptoms (5/9)
- Abandonment fears
- Mood instability
- Suicidal / self-injurious behavior
- Unstable, intense relationships
- Impulsivity
- Control of anger is poor
- Identity disturbance
- Dissociative / paranoid symptoms
- Emptiness
AM SUICIDE
Histrionic personality disorder involves ____ and ____
Histrionic personality disorder involves excessive emotionality and attention seeking
(Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic)
Describe symptoms of histrionic personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder (5/8)
- Provocative or sexually seductive behavior
- Relationships considered more intimate than they are
- Attention (uncomfortable when not center of attention)
- Influenced easily
- Style of speech is impressionistic and lacks details
- Emotions are rapidly shifting and shallow
- Made up (physical appearance used to draw attention to self)
- Emotions exaggerated (theatrical)
PRAISE ME
Narcissistic persoanlity disorder involves ____, ____, and ____
Narcissistic persoanlity disorder involves grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
(Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic)
Describe symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder symptoms (5/9)
- Special (believes he/she is special)
- Preoccupied with fantasies: unlimited success, power, beauty, etc
- Envious of others or believes others are envious of him/her
- Entitlement
- Excess admiration required
- Conceited: grandiose sense of self-importance
- Interpersonal exploitation
- Arrogant (haughty)
- Lacks empathy
(SPEEECIAL)
Avoidant personality disorder involves ____, ____, and ____
Avoidant personality disorder involves social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
(Cluster C: anxious or fearful)
Describe symptoms of avoidant personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder symptoms (4/7)
- Certainty of being liked required before getting involved with others
- Rejection / criticism preoccupies thoughts in social situations
- Intimate relationships: restraint due to fear of being shamed
- New interpersonal relationship inhibition
- GFets around occupational activity (involving significant interpersonal contact)
- Embarrassment (potential) prevents new activity or taking personal risks
- Self viewed as unappealing, inept, or inferior
CRINGES
Dependent personality disorder involves ____, ____, and ____
Dependent personality disorder involves submissive, clinging behavior, and excessive need to be taken care of
(Cluster C: anxious or fearful)
Describe symptoms of dependent personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder symptoms (5/8)
- Reassurance required for decisions
- Expressing disagreement is difficult due to fear of loss of approval
- Life responsibilities assumed by others
- Initiating projects difficult due to lack of self-confidence
- Alone (feels helpless and discomfort)
- Nurturance (goes to excessive lengths)
- Companionship (another relationship) sought urgently when close relationship ends
- Exaggerated fears of being left to care for self
RELIANCE
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder involves ____, ____, and ____
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder involves preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and being controlling
(Cluster C: anxious or fearful)
Describe symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorders symptoms (4/8)
- Loses point of activity (due to preoccupation with detail)
- Ability to complete tasks (compromised by perfectionism)
- Worthless objects (unable to discard)
- Friendships / leisure activities excluded due to preoccupation to work
- Inflexible, scrupulous, over conscientious (ethics / values / morality)
- Reluctant to delegate (unless others submit to exact guidelines)
- Miserly toward and others
- Stubbornness and rigidity
(LAW FIRMS)
Personality disorders are thought to begin in ____ but DSM-5 diagnosis is uncommon
Personality disorders are thought to begin in childhood but DSM-5 diagnosis is uncommon
(chronic, high comorbidity rates)
____ is a key risk factor for bipolar personality disorder, which may develop in adolescence
Affective instability is a key risk factor for bipolar personality disorder, which may develop in adolescence
DSM-5 categorical classification of personality disorders may be inappropriate due to ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
DSM-5 categorical classification of personality disorders may be inappropriate due to substantial diagnostic overlap, arbitrary thresholds, within-diagnosis heterogeneity, lack of inter-rate agreement on personality disorder categories, and high levels of comorbidity (within PD and across PD and axis I disorders)
Five factor model of personality includes ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Five factor model of personality includes openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
Some argue that personality disorders are better understood as ____ than categorical disease entities
Some argue that personality disorders are better understood as variants of normal personality than categorical disease entities
DSM-5 alternative to personality disorders general criteria are ____ and ____
DSM-5 alternative to personality disorders general criteria are impairment in self and interpersonal functioning and pathological traits
Describe the DSM-5 alternative to personality disorders
DSM-5 alternative to personality disorders
- Relatively pervasive across situations
- Relatively inflexible and maladaptive
- Relatively stable across time: onset in adolescence or early adulthood
Emphasis on relatively because some adaptability is expected with most personality disorders
DSM-5 alternative to personality disorders requires ____
DSM-5 alternative to personality disorders requires ≥1 pathological personality trait
- Negative affectivity
- Detachment
- Antagonism
- Disinhibition
- Psychoticism
