SM_101b: Developmental Aspects of Psychiatry

Question 1

Describe Erikson’s developmental stages

Answer 1

Erikson’s developmental stages

• Trust vs mistrust (0-1 years old): hope
• Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3 years old): will
• Initiative vs guilt (3-5 years old): purpose
• Industry vs inferiority (6-12 years old): competency
• Identity vs role confusion (13-18 years old): fidelity
• Intimacy vs isolation (19-40 years old): love
• Generativity vs stagnation (40-65 years old): care
• Ego integrity vs despair (65+ years old): wisdom

Question 2

in Erikson’s developmental stages, trust vs mistrust occurs at age ____ years and is associated with the basic virtue of ____

Answer 2

in Erikson’s developmental stages, trust vs mistrust occurs at age 0-1 years and is associated with the basic virtue of hope

Question 3

in Erikson’s developmental stages, autonomy vs shame and doubt occurs at age ____ years and is associated with the basic virtue of ____

Answer 3

in Erikson’s developmental stages, autonomy vs shame and doubt occurs at age 1-3 yesars years and is associated with the basic virtue of will

Question 4

in Erikson’s developmental stages, intitiative vs guilt occurs at age ____ years and is associated with the basic virtue of ____

Answer 4

in Erikson’s developmental stages, intitiative vs guilt occurs at age 3-5 years years and is associated with the basic virtue of purpose

Question 5

in Erikson’s developmental stages, industry vs inferiority occurs at age ____ years and is associated with the basic virtue of ____

Answer 5

in Erikson’s developmental stages, industry vs inferiority occurs at age 6-12 years and is associated with the basic virtue of competency

Question 6

in Erikson’s developmental stages, identity vs role confusion occurs at age ____ years and is associated with the basic virtue of ____

Answer 6

in Erikson’s developmental stages, identity vs role confusion occurs at age 13-18 years and is associated with the basic virtue of fidelity

Question 7

Describe ages of development

Answer 7

Ages of development

• Infant: 0-12 months
• Toddler: 12-36 months
• Preschooler: 3-6 years
• Middle childhood: 6-12 years
• Adolescence: 13-19 years

Question 8

____ is age of trust vs mistrust

Answer 8

Infancy (0-12 months) is age of trust vs mistrust

Question 9

Developmental tasks of infancy (0-12 months) are ____, ____, and ____

Answer 9

Developmental tasks of infancy (0-12 months) are develop attachments, control early motor skills, and explore the world through senses

Question 10

Describe key infant motor development milestones

Answer 10

Infant motor development milestones

• 6 months: sit up
• 12 months: walk
• 4 months: swat
• 6 months: rake
• 10 months: pincer grasp

Question 11

Infant language development consists of ___ and ___

Answer 11

Infant language development consists of vocalizing and babbling

Question 12

Infant social development consists of ___, ___, ___, and ___

Answer 12

Infant social development consists of social smile, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, and beginning awareness of others’ point of view

Question 13

Infant cognitive development consists of ____

Answer 13

Infant cognitive development consists of object permanence

(ability to understand an object still exists even when it cannot be observed - 6-9 months)

Question 14

Autism presents in ____

Answer 14

Autism presents in infancy

Question 15

___ is age of autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 15

Toddlers (1-3 years) is age of autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 16

Developmental tasks of toddler years (12-36 months) include ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 16

Developmental tasks of toddler years (12-36 months) include balancing attachment with exploration, internalizing parent values and standardsm play, and growing vocabulary / language expression / thought narration

(dyadic self-regulation and autonomous self-regulation)

Question 17

Balancing attachment vs exploration occurs in ____

Answer 17

Balancing attachment vs exploration occurs in toddlers

Question 18

____ is age of initiative vs guilt

Answer 18

Preschooler (3-5 years) is age of initiative vs guilt

Question 19

Developmental tasks in preschool years (3-5 years) include ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 19

Developmental tasks in preschool years (3-5 years) include

• Developing symbolic and interactive play to explore reality
• Tolerating separation as memory of return develops
• Using language, not action, as primary means of communications
• Thinking in categories, understand cause and effect
• Anticipating consequences of behavior and improving impulse control
• Dyadic model of self-regulation begins to generalize to self
• Emergence of guilt, some capacity for rule-governed behavior

Question 20

In preeschool years, physical growth slows, while brain maturation leads to ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 20

In preeschool years, physical growth slows, while brain maturation leads to improved motor control, integration of functions, problem solving, and coordinated movements

• Integration of functions: hand-eye coordination, toilet training
• Coordinated movements: alternating use of feet on stairs, pedaling a bicycle

Question 21

At 11-15 months, expressive language development consists of ____, ____, and ____

Answer 21

At 11-15 months, expressive language development consists of “uh-oh”, trying to imitate words, and first meaningful words (mama, papa)

Question 22

At 4 years, expressive language development consists of ___

Answer 22

At 4 years, expressive language development consists of being mostly understandable by strangers

Question 23

Cognitive development in preschool consists of ____, ____, and ____

Answer 23

Cognitive development in preschool consists of egocentrism, cause and effect, and transductive reasoning

• Egocentrism: cannot see other person’s point of view
• Cause and effect: thinks that things happening at the same time are related
• Transductive reasoning: over generalizing past experiences
• Concept of time

Question 24

Self-regulation develops in ____

Answer 24

Self-regulation develops in preschool

(control interfering thoughts / actions, comply with tasks that require inhibitory control, self-control, delayed gratification)

Question 25

Red flags in preschool include ____, ____, and ____

Answer 25

Red flags in preschool include language delay, delayed self-regulation, and cognitive flexibility / rigidity

Question 26

____ is age of industry vs inferiority

Answer 26

Middle childhood (6-12 years) is age of industry vs inferiority

Question 27

Developmental tasks of middle childhood (6-12 years) include ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 27

Developmental tasks of middle childhood (6-12 years) include

• Increasing autonomous coping and self-regulating
• Developing friendships, norms, perspective, social cues
• Playing with more competence and skill
• Developing logic and reasoning
• Internalizing values
• Developing conscience
• Increasing awareness of identity
• Increasing capacity for self-observation and self-appraisal

Question 28

In middle childhood (6-12 years), physical growth is slow and steady but ____ and ____ increase

Answer 28

In middle childhood (6-12 years), physical growth is slow and steady but gross motor development and fine motor development increase

Question 29

Cognitive development in middle childhood includes ___

Answer 29

Cognitive development in middle childhood includes conservation (whether a physical quantity will fit into another object)

Question 30

Social development in middle childhood consists of:

____ -> ____ -> ____

Answer 30

Social development in middle childhood consists of: productivity -> self-efficacy -> self-esteem

Question 31

Red flags in middle childhood include ___, ___, ___, and ___

Answer 31

Red flags in middle childhood include inattention / hyperactivity, separation anxiety, phobias, and generalized anxiety

Question 32

____ is age of identity vs role confusion

Answer 32

Adolescence is age of identity vs role confusion

Question 34

Developmental tasks of adolescence (13-18 years) include ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 34

Developmental tasks of adolescence (13-18 years) include

• Adjust to sexually maturing bodies, feelings, and behaviors
• Develop and apply abstract thinking skills
• Develop more mature decision making
• Identify moral standards, values, and belief systems
• For friendships that are close and supportive
• Establish key aspects of identity in peer group and in society
• Take on increasingly mature roles and responsibilities
• Renegotiate relationships with parents and other adults

Question 35

In adolescence, development of ____ is a gradual process

Answer 35

In adolescence, development of autonomy is a gradual process

Question 36

Adolescence consists of ____, ____, and ____

Answer 36

Adolescence consists of friendship/social, achievement, and sexuality

Question 37

Red flags of adolescence of ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 37

Red flags of adolescence of depression, social anxiety, substance use / abuse, conduct disorder, psychotic disorders, or bipolar disorder

Question 38

Describe age of onset risk for psychiatric disorders

Answer 38

Age of onset risk for psychiatric disorders