SM_87b: Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Relaxed wakefulness has ___

A

Relaxed wakefulness has alpha waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stage N1 of sleep has ____

A

Stage N1 of sleep has theta waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stage N2 of sleep has ____ and ____

A

Stage N2 of sleep has sleep spindles and K complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stage N3 of sleep has ____

A

Stage N3 of sleep has delta waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____, ____, and ____ are active neurotransmitters during wakefulness

A

ACh, monoamines (DA, NE, serotoni), and orexin/hypocretin are active neurotransmitters during wakefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___ has higher firing rate and ___ has slower firing rate during NREM sleep

A

VLPO/MNPO has higher firing rate and monoamines (DA, NE, serotonin) has slower firing rate during NREM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____, ____, and ____ have increased firing rate during REM

A

ACh, MCH, and VLPO/MNPO have increased firing rate during REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flip-flop switch involves activation of ____ for wakefulness and ____ for sleep

A

Flip-flop switch involves activation of locus coeruleus / tuberomamillary nucleus / raphe for wakefulness and venterolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)/eVLPO for sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two process model of sleep regulation posits that the interaction of ____ and ____ generate timing of sleep / waking

A

Two process model of sleep regulation posits that the interaction of sleep/wake dependent homeostatic Process S and circadian Process C generate timing of sleep / waking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____ regulates circadian rhythms

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rate-limiting step in molecular clock is ____

A

Rate-limiting step in molecular clock is phosphorylation of PER/CRY by CK1ε/δ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the molecular clock

A

Molecular clock

  1. CLOCK and BMAL1 are transcribed and exit the nucleus.
  2. They dimerize, then re-enter the nucleus to upregulate PER and CRY.
  3. PER and CRY exit the nucleus and dimerize
  4. PER and CRY are phosphorylated by CK1ε/δ (this is the rate limiting step)
  5. PER and CRY re-enter the nucleus to inhibit their own transcription.

This whole process takes ~24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Melatonin levels are highest at ____

A

Melatonin levels are highest at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Melatonin is measured in the ____, ____, and ____

A

Melatonin is measured in the urine, saliva, and plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Advanced sleep wake disorder involves ____ and ____

A

Advanced sleep wake disorder involves advance in phase of major sleep period in relation to desired sleep / wake time and normal sleep quality and duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ is the broken step in most patients with advanced sleep wake phase disorder

A

Phosphorylation of PER and CRY is the broken step in most patients with advanced sleep wake phase disorder

17
Q

Advanced sleep wake phase disorder is treated with ____, ____, and ____

A

Advanced sleep wake phase disorder is treated with planned sleep schedules, timed evening light exposure, and timed morning melatonin administration

18
Q

Irregular sleep wake disorder is a chronic complaint of ____, ____, or both but total sleep time per 24 period is essential normal

A

Irregular sleep wake disorder is a chronic complaint of insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both but total sleep time per 24 period is essential normal

19
Q

Irregular sleep wake disorder is usually seen in ____ and ____

A

Irregular sleep wake disorder is usually seen in developmentally delayed children and adults with dementia

(due to poor sleep hygeine or neurological impairment)

20
Q

Irregular sleep wake disorder is treated with ____, ____, and ____

A

Irregular sleep wake disorder is treated with mixed modality therapy, timed light exposure, and timed melatonin administration

21
Q

Delayed sleep wake phase disorder involves ____ and ____

A

Delayed sleep wake phase disorder involves delay in the phase of major sleep period in relation to the desired sleep / wake time and normal sleep quality / duration

22
Q

Delayed sleep wake phase disorder is treated with ____, ____, and ____, but NOT ____

A

Delayed sleep wake phase disorder is treated with planned sleep schedules, timed light exposure, and timed melatonin administration but NOT hypnotics

23
Q

Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder involves ____

A

Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder involves complaint of insomnia / excessive sleepiness related to abnormal synchronization between 24 hour light-dark cycle and endogenous circadian rhythm

24
Q

Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder results in the blind due to ____

A

Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder results in the blind due to loss of photic input to the SCN through the retino-hypothalamic tract

25
Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder results in the sighted due to \_\_\_\_
Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder results in the sighted due to multiple factors, including a combination of minimal social cues and a prolonged intrinsic circadian period
26
Non-24 hour sleep wake phase disorder is treated in the blind via \_\_\_\_
Non-24 hour sleep wake phase disorder is treated in the blind via timed melatonin administration
27
Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder is treated in the sighted via \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Non-24 hour sleep wake disorder is treated in the sighted via timed melatonin administration, strict sleep schedules, and timed light exposure
28
\_\_\_\_ is approved medication for treatment of non-24 hour sleep wake disorder
Tasimelteon is approved medication for treatment of non-24 hour sleep wake disorder
29
Shift work sleep disorder is \_\_\_\_
Shift work sleep disorder is complaint of insomnia / excessive sleepiness that is temporally associated with a recurring work schedule that overlaps the usual time for sleep
30
Shift work sleep disorder is treated with \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Shift work sleep disorder is treated with light pulses, light exposure on awakening, and specific sleeping times
31
Jet lag sleep disorder is \_\_\_\_
Jet lag sleep disorder is complaint of insomnia / excessive daytime sleepiness associated with jet travel across at least two time zones * Associated impairment of daytime function, general malaise, or somatic symptoms such as GI disturbance within 1-2 days after travel
32
Jet lag sleep disorder is treated with ____ and \_\_\_\_
Jet lag sleep disorder is treated with light exposure and melatonin administration
33
Light in the biological morning (after core body temperature is minimum) and melatonin at night _____ the circadian clock
Light in the biological morning (after core body temperature is minimum) and melatonin at night advance the circadian clock
34
Light at night and melatonin in the morning ____ the circadian clock
Light at night and melatonin in the morning delay the circadian clock