Sleep Flashcards
what are the speeds of alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves?
- alpha - 8-13 Hz 2. beta - 13-30 Hz 3. theta - 4-7 Hz 4. delta - 0.5-3.5 Hz
which waves are associated with state of relaxed wakefulness in an adult with their eyes closed?
alpha
which waves are associated with stages of sleep in a healthy adult?
theta and delta
what stage of sleep has the highest percentage of time spent in delta waves?
4
during which stage of sleep is there intense descending inhibition of spinal motor neurons?
REM
what sleep stage is associated with penile erection?
REM
what are the stages of tonic-clonic seizure?
- loss of consciousness 2. increased muscle tone 3. jerky movements 4. period of confusion
what type of epilepsy is characterized by EEG record of 3 per second spike and dome pattern?
petit mal (aka absence seizures)
what causes narcolepsy in humans?
reduction or absence of hypothalamic cells that produce and secrete orexin
which brain areas are most closely associated with sleep? arousal?
monoaminergic and cholinergic systems are active during the waking state and suppressed during non-REM sleep
what are sensory evoked potentials? how are they measured? what is their significance?
- the part of an EEG that is dependent on synchronized stimuli 2. measured by repeating a special synchronized stimulus many times 3. useful for evaluating a demyelinating disease
where is the primary biological clock?
retinal ganglion cells of suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
where is melatonin synthesized and released? what is its role in sleep?
- pineal gland 2. sleep promoting neurohormone that helps modulate brainstem circuits that control sleep-awake cycle
which waves are associated with an alert state?
beta
what are characteristics of stage 2 sleep?
sleep spindles and K complexes
