Renal hormones and autocoids

Question 1

How can tubuloglomerular feedback help prevent excessive fluid losses if there is damage to kidney proximal tubules?

Answer 1

Constriction of the afferent arteriole

Question 2

Which autacoids / hormones can dilate the afferent / efferent arteriole?

Answer 2

PGE-2 and PGI-2

Question 3

Which autacoids / hormones cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 3

Angiotensin II, NE, vasopressin

Question 4

Why do PG inhibitors cause renal damage?

Answer 4

Inhibit PG synthesis and cause vasoconstriction leading to ischemic kidney damage

Question 5

Where is renin produced?

Answer 5

Kidney

Question 6

Where is angiotensin produced?

Answer 6

Kidney

Question 7

Where is aldosterone produced?

Answer 7

Adrenal cortex

Question 8

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the cells that produce renin?

Answer 8

Sympathetic stimulation of B1 adrenergic receptors on granular cells / renal baroreceptors

Question 9

Where is renin released?

Answer 9

Secreted by afferent arterioles from granular cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 10

What is the effect of angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle?

Answer 10

Vasoconstriction

Question 11

What is the effect of angiotensin II on the adrenal cortex?

Answer 11

Increases aldosterone secretion

Question 12

What is the effect of angiotensin II on the efferent arteriole?

Answer 12

Vasoconstriction

Question 13

What is the effect of angiotensin II on proximal tubule sodium reabsorption?

Answer 13

Retention - increases proximal tubule transport of Na by increasing activity of Na-H transporter

Question 14

What is the effect of angiotensin II on the thirst center?

Answer 14

Acts in brain to increase thirst

Question 15

What is the effect of angiotensin II on the release of ADH?

Answer 15

Acts in brain to release ADH

Question 16

What is the effect of angiotensin II on sympathetic tone?

Answer 16

Acts in brain to increase sympathetic tone

Question 17

What is the effect of PTH on the kidney?

Answer 17

Stimulates final activation of vitamin D in kidney

Question 18

What is the source of FGF23?

Answer 18

Made by osteoblasts and osteocytes

Question 19

What are the effects of FGF23 on the kidney?

Answer 19

1. Decreases reabsorption of phosphate 2. Decreases production of vitamin D

Question 20

What stimulates secretion of FGF23?

Answer 20

1. Elevated levels of phosphate 2. Vitamin D

Question 21

Renin is released in response to what three stimuli?

Answer 21

1. Decrease in BP 2. Decrease in NaCl in ultrafiltrate via macula densa 3. Sympathetic nervous system