Physiology of blood

Question 1

Albumin makes up what percentage of plasma protein?

Answer 1

58%

Question 2

What is the main ECF cation in plasma?

Answer 2

Sodium

Question 3

What is the main ICF cation in plasma?

Answer 3

Potassium

Question 4

What are the main ECF anions in plasma?

Answer 4

HCO3-, Cl-

Question 5

What is the main ICF anion in plasma?

Answer 5

HPO4-

Question 6

What is the anion gap equation?

Answer 6

AG = Na - (Cl - HCO3)

Question 7

What are the major determinants of plasma osmolality?

Answer 7

Na, Cl, HCO3, BUN, glucose

Question 8

Is the molality of plasma higher or lower than interstitial fluid?

Answer 8

Slightly higher

Question 9

What is the result of loss of albumin?

Answer 9

Edema

Question 10

What is the role of haptoglobin?

Answer 10

Binds free iron after hemolysis and takes it to the liver

Question 11

RBCs contain a lot of which enzymes critical for respiration?

Answer 11

1. Lactate dehydrogenase 2. Carbonic anhydrase

Question 12

Hb accumulation, nuclear condensation, decreased cell size, and loss of nucleus occur at what stage of erythropoiesis?

Answer 12

Erythroblasts

Question 13

Where is EPO made?

Answer 13

Kidneys

Question 14

What is the role of von Hippel Lindau protein?

Answer 14

E3 ubiquitin ligase - targets hydroxylated HIF-1a

Question 15

Congenital polycythemia is caused by a mutation in what gene?

Answer 15

von Hippel Lindau gene

Question 16

What does the mean corpuscular Hb concentration measure?

Answer 16

How much Hb is bound to RBCs

Question 17

What does the red cell distribution width measure?

Answer 17

Degree of variability of size or RBCs

Question 18

When are platelets activated?

Answer 18

When glycoproteins on their surface bind collagen and other factors at sites of injury

Question 19

What is the role of thrombopoietin?

Answer 19

Stimulates differentiation of megakaryocyte-progenitor cells to immature megakaryocytes