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skin pathology Flashcards

1
Q

erythematous (red), edematous, and pruritic (itchy) papules and plaques (wheals)

A

urticaria (hives)

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2
Q

pathogenesis of urticaria

A

mast cell degranulation, increased dermal vascular perm, dermal edema

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3
Q

urticaria is a ____ hypersensitivity rxn

A

type I (IgE)

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4
Q

treatment of urticaria

A

antihistamines

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5
Q

pruritic inflammatory erythematous papules and scaly plaques; can becomes vesicular and crusted

A

acute eczema

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6
Q

acute eczema demonstrates _______ on histo

A

spongiotic dermatitis (epidermal edema, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, and mast cell degranulation)

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7
Q

types of eczema

A 
atopic (autoimmune related)
allergic contact (ex: nickel allergy, poison ivy, neosporin)
photoezematous (abnormal rxn to UV light)
irritant dermatitis (ex: lip licking)
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8
Q

hypersensitivity rxn most often due to medication/drug and certain infections

A

erythema multiforme

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9
Q

common meds that cause EM:

A

sulfonamides, penicillin, , NSAIDS, hydroquinone

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10
Q

common infections that cause EM:

A

HSV and mycoplasma

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11
Q

EM is on the same spectrum as ____ (more mucosal involvement and wider SA) and _____ (full thickness epidermal necrosis)

A

stevens johnson; toxic epidermal necrolysis

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12
Q

EM is characterized by _____

A

targetoid lesions

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13
Q

autoimmune, T cell mediated rxn char by erythematous, pink, salmon-colored plaques with silvery scale

A

psoriasis

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14
Q

induce lesion by local trauma

A

Koebner psoriasis

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15
Q

punctate bleeding when overlying scale is removed

A

Auspitz sign

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16
Q

4 things to describe lichen planus

A

pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar papules and plaques

17
Q

infection of staph aureus or strep pyogenes; more common in children, spread by direct contact; starts as small macule and enlarges as honey-colored crust

A

impetigo

18
Q

lysis of intercellular junctions between squamous cells

A

acantholysis

19
Q

blister formation of pemphigus vulgaris

A

suprabasal (above basal cell) with acantholysis

20
Q

blister formation of pemphigus foliaceus

A

subcorneal (at stratum granulosum) with acantholysis

21
Q

blister formation of bullous pemphigoid

A

subepidermal (below DEJ) without acantholysis

22
Q

rare disease of the elderly; female predominance; mucosal and skin involvement; flaccid blisters that easily rupture leaving denuded skin with extensive erosions and crusting

A

pemphigus vulgaris

23
Q

DIF of pemphigus vulgaris shows ____ pattern with intercellular ___ deposition around keratinocyte cell membranes throughout the epidermis

A

fishnet; IgG

24
Q

gestational pemphigoid (subtype of bullous pemphigoid) in 2nd/3rd trimester

A

herpes gestationis

25
Q

pigmented, round, exophytic, velvety plaques that appear stuck on; mainly on trunk; proliferation of uniform basal keratinocytes

A

seborrheic keratoses (benign tumors)

26
Q

red, rough patches on chronically sun exposed skin (mainly head/neck, lips, dorsal hands)

A

actinic keratosis/cheilitis

27
Q

histology of actinic keratosis/cheilitis shows _____ with hyperplasia of basal cells with overall epidermal thinning

A

cytologic atypia

28
Q

pearly pink, translucent papules with telangiectasias; can become nodular and ulcerate

A

BCC

29
Q

BCC is frequently found on the _____ or _____

A

nasolabial fold; upper lip

30
Q

genetic disorder- AD with variable expressivity; defect of hedgehog signaling pathway; mutation of PTCH1 tumor suppressor gene

A

Basal Cell nevus syndrone (gorlin syndrome)

31
Q

migration of nevi from DEJ into dermis

A

cellular senescence

32
Q

growth pattern of nevi with nests at DEJ

A

junctional

33
Q

growth pattern of nevi with nests at DEJ and dermis

A

compound

34
Q

nests primarily dermal

A

intradermal growth pattern (+/- cellular senescence)

35
Q

dysplastic nevi are a ____ for melanoma, not precursor; vast majority will not transform into melanoma

A

marker

36
Q

dysplastic nevi > 100s with strong melanoma risk

A

familial dysplastic nevus syndrome

37
Q

nodular lesions connote _____

A

invasion into dermis (vertical growth)

38
Q

____ is the key factor in nature of melanomas

A

vertical growth

39
Q

risk factors for metastasis of melanoma

A 
depth of invasion
tumor size
ulceration
mitoses
lymph node involvement

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