periodontal pathogens

Question 1

says that plaque control is important in periodontal treatment; all plaque bacteria considered bad; any accumulation of micro-organisms at or below the gingival margin causes inflammation

Answer 1

non-specific plaque hypothesis

Question 2

says that specific organisms in dental plaque are the etiological agents; microbial composition of disease sites different from healthy sites

Answer 2

specific plaque hypothesis

Question 3

the specific plaque hypothesis says that ____ and ____ could control local aggressive periodontitis

Answer 3

local debridement; systemic antibiotics

Question 4

gingival health - microflora is predominantly ____ and ____

Answer 4

gram positive; facultative anaerobes

Question 5

in gingivitis- microflora is predominantly _____ and ____

Answer 5

gram negative; obligate anaerobes

Question 6

____, not ____, of the virulent periodontal pathogen are important in disease

Answer 6

strains; species

Question 7

P. gingivalis with type __ and ___ ____ genotypes = healthy; types ___ and ____ seen in disease

Answer 7

type I and V fimA genotypes

types II and IV in disease

Question 8

pathogen must express ____ and must be in the right location in the site which is :

Answer 8

virulence factors; adjacent to epithelium and apical part of pocket

Question 9

____ formation by s. sanguis inhibits A.a

Answer 9

peroxide (beneficial species inhibit pathogens)

Question 10

____ can increase outer membrane protein expression in P. gingivalis

Answer 10

iron

Question 11

s. cristatus can inhibit ____ expression of P. gingivalis

Answer 11

fimA

Question 12

things that affect host susceptibility

Answer 12

HIV infection
diabetes
smoking

Question 13

in colonization, ____ on bacteria bind to ____

Answer 13

adhesions; host receptors

Question 14

3 examples of host receptors

Answer 14

type I or IV collagen
sialic acid
galactosyl residues

Question 15

bacteria have ____, outer membrane proteins

Answer 15

fimbriae

Question 16

4 things that happen during colonization

Answer 16

adhesion
coaggregation
nutrient utilization
competitive inhibition

Question 17

Veillonella uses ____ made by streptococci; campylobacter uses ____ made by selenomonas; porphyromonas uses ____ from blood in sulcus

Answer 17

lactate; formate; hemin

Question 18

bacteria inhibit each other through competitive inhibition, by producing ____, or in the case of s. sanguis, _____ (to inhibit A.a.

Answer 18

bacteriocins; hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

3 types of host defenses against bacteria

Answer 19

desquamation of epithelium
antibodies can prevent binding
phagocytic cells

Question 20

bacteria overcome desquamation of epithelium by:

Answer 20

invading epithelium and binding to underlying cells

Question 21

bacteria overcome antibodies by:

Answer 21

IgG and IgA proteases; mimic host antigens

Question 22

bacteria overcome phagocytic cells by:

Answer 22

leukotoxin; non-lethal suppression of immune cells

Question 23

world workshop 1996 designated 3 periodontal pathogens:

Answer 23

P. gingivalis
A. actinomycetemcomitans
T. forsythia

Question 24

red complex bacteria

Answer 24

P. gingivalis
T. forsythia
T. denticola

Question 25

characteristics of AA

Answer 25

small, non-motile gram negative saccharolytic capnophilic

Question 26

AA is a ____ rod that forms small, convex colonies with a _______ center

Answer 26

round-ended; star-shaped

Question 27

high numbers of AA assoc with _____; detected in ____ and in _____

Answer 27

localized aggressive periodontitis; active sites; prospective studies

Question 28

host response to AA produces high levels of ____ and ____

Answer 28

systemic; local antibody response

Question 29

virulence factors of AA

Answer 29

``` tissue invasive- epithelial and endothelial cells leukotoxin fibroblast inhibiting factor endotoxin collagenase ```

Question 30

AA inhibits growth of ____ and ____ in animal models

Answer 30

commensals (strep sanguis); induces disease

Question 31

there are ___ serotypes of AA, based on _____ on surface of organism

Answer 31

5; polysaccharides

Question 32

_____ are dominant antigens

Answer 32

serotype specific surface antigens (SPA)

Question 33

patients are infected with ___ serotype and serotypes are ____ over time

Answer 33

one; stable

Question 34

____ most commonly assoc with LAP in the US; has a role in resistance to ____ and killing by ____

Answer 34

serotype b; phagocytosis; PMNs

Question 35

____ is health associated in Finland, disease assoc in Japan

Answer 35

serotype a

Question 36

____ and _____ approach is vital to treatment of LAP (by AA)

Answer 36

mechanical ; chemotherapeutic

Question 37

____ + _____ effective in reducing bacterial load

Answer 37

amoxicillin 500mg ; metronidazole 250 mg

Question 38

____ is required to eliminate tissue reservoirs of AA

Answer 38

surgical approach

Question 39

characteristics of P. gingivalis

Answer 39

gram negative non-motile anaerobic asaccharolytic rods

Question 40

P. gingivalis is a member of the much investigated ____ group

Answer 40

black pigmented bacteroides

Question 41

____ important in protein degradation and in the maturation of _____ such as ____

Answer 41

cysteine proteinases (ARG-gingipain and LYS-gingipain); cell surface proteins; fimA fimbrillin

Question 42

Presence of Pg indicates increased risk for ____

Answer 42

attachment loss

Question 43

virulence factors of P. gingivalis are involved in:

Answer 43

- colonization and attachment - evading (modulating) host responses - multiplying - damaging host tissues and spreading

Question 44

characteristics of T. forsythia

Answer 44

gram negative anaerobic spindle-shaped highly pleomorphic rod

Question 45

T. forsythia requires _____ and co-cultivates with _____

Answer 45

N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM); F. nucleatum

Question 46

T. forsythia has a serrated S-layer on cell surface that mediates ____ and _____; it is composed of ____

Answer 46

hemagglutination ; adhesion/invasion of epithelial cells; two glycoproteins

Question 47

characteristics of treponema denticola

Answer 47

- species of spirochete - gram-negative - anaerobic - highly motile microorganism

Question 48

T. denticola first identified in _____

Answer 48

ANUG (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)

Question 49

characteristics of prevotella intermedia/nigrescens

Answer 49

- gram negative | - short, round-ended anaerobic rod

Question 50

P. intermedia is the ______ to receive considerable interest

Answer 50

second black-pigmented bacteroides

Question 51

p. intermedia has luxuriant growth in _____ and is assoc with ______ gingivitis

Answer 51

naphthoquinone; puberty/pregnancy

Question 52

P. intermedia elevated in _____

Answer 52

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Question 53

characteristics of Fusobacterium nucleatum

Answer 53

gram negative | anaerobic, spindle-shaped rod

Question 54

F. nucleatum is an ____ in plaque and is a ____ organism

Answer 54

early colonizer; bridging

Question 55

F. nucleatum can induce cell death in ____; releases ____, ____, and ____ from _____

Answer 55

leukocytes | releases cytokines, elastase, and oxygen radical from leukocytes

Question 56

Gram-negative, capnophilic, assacharolytic, regular, small rod with blunt ends

Answer 56

Eikenella corrodens

Question 57

Gram-negative, anaerobic, short, motile vibrio

Answer 57

campylobacter rectus

Question 58

Gram-positive, anaerobic, small, assacharolytic coccus

Answer 58

peptostreptococcus micros

Question 59

Gram-negative, curved, saccharolytic rods

Answer 59

selenomonas species

Question 60

Gram positive, anaerobic, small, pleomorphic rods

Answer 60

Eubacterium species