musculoskeletal path Flashcards
group of hereditary conditions characterized by abnormal development of type I collagen, a major component of bone matrix, but also present in many tissues including skin, joints, and eyes
osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) aka brittle bone disease
group of rare hereditary disorders characterized by deficient osteoclastic activity with resultant defective bone remodeling
osteopetrosis aka marble bone disease
increased porosity of the skeleton resulting from reduced bone mass, with an associated increased bone fragility and increased prevalence of fractures
osteoporosis
fairly common bone disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of frenzied, regional osteoclastic activity and bone resorption (osteolytic stage), followed by exuberant osteoblastic activity and bone formation (mixed osteoclastic-osteoblastic stage), and finally by an apparent exhaustion of cellular activity (osteosclerotic stage)
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
one of the most common endocrine disorders; an important cause of hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
caused by any condition associated with a chronic depression in the serum calcium levels, because low serum calcium leads to compensatory over activity of the parathyroid glands
secondary hyperparathyroidism
____ is by far the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
renal failure
an infection spreading through the medullary spaces of a bone
osteomyelitis
characterized by progressive replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue intermixed with unorganized, woven bone
fibrous dysplasia
bone and osteoid producing malignancy
osteosarcoma
most common disorder of the joints and is a very frequent, if not inevitable, part of aging
osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
disorder caused by tissue accumulation of excessive amount of uric acid
gout
arises upon precipitation of urate crystals in the synovial fluid and membranes
acute gouty arthritis
group of inherited abnormalities of muscle which vary from mild motor weaknesses to severe life-threatening alterations (progressive degeneration of muscle fibers)
muscular dystrophies
X-linked recessive disorder caused by the absence of a structural protein, termed dystrophin, and is seen in about 1/3500 live male births
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
autoimmune disease which results in destruction of acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction and is manifested by weakness and prominent fatigability of voluntary muscles
myasthenia gravis
the histopathologic features of Paget disease form a _______; radiographically, the bone shows a mixture of radiolucent-radiopaque areas referred to as _____
mosaic pattern of bone
cotton-wool pattern
complication of Paget disease characterized by overgrowth of facial and cranial bones
leontiasis ossea (lion face)
patients with Paget disease will display elevated levels of _____ and _____
urinary hydroxyproline (from increased bone resorption) and serum alkaline phosphatase (from increased bone apposition)
treatment for paget disease
calcitonin, biphosphonates and analgesics (for bone pain)
can be observed in patients with hyperparathyroidism; lesions are histopathologically identical to central giant cell granuloma of the jaws
osteitis fibrosa cystica (cyst-like brown tumors of bone)
in more than 95% of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by ______
parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia (less commonly by parathyroid carcinoma, but more severe)
constellation of symptoms classically associated with primary hyperparathyroidism
painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans
treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism
removal of the affected gland/tumor
