Skin II Flashcards

1
Q

most Staphylococci are ____-resistant because they secrete ____

A

most Staphylococci are penicillin-resistant because they secrete penicillinase (hydrolyze penicillin)

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2
Q

multidrug resistance of MRSA is mediated by an acquired chromosomal DNA segment, ____ which encodes a new ____

A

multidrug resistance is mediated by an acquired chromosomal DNA segment, mecA which encodes a new penicillin-binding protein 2A

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3
Q

list the risk factors for MRSA in the community

A
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4
Q

list the risk factors for MRSA in healthcare

A
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5
Q

describe CA-MRSA vs. HA-MRSA

A
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6
Q

___ is an important toxin used to differentiate between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA

A

Pantin-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)

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7
Q

list the syndromes that affect the epidermis

A
  • impetigo
  • folliculitis
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8
Q

list the syndromes that affect the dermis

A
  • ecthyma
  • erysipelas
  • furunculosis
  • carbunculosis
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9
Q

list the syndromes that affect the hypodermis (sliding layer)

A
  • necrotizing fasciitis
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10
Q

list the syndromes that affect the muscle

A
  • myonecrosis
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11
Q

describe impetigo

A
  • 3rd most common skin disease among children
  • risk factors:
    • have an injury (cut, fracture, burn, scrape)
    • contagious
  • isolates of CA and HA-acquired MRSA in lesions of impetigo remains low
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12
Q

describe nonbullous impetigo

A
  • the teichoic acid adhesions (fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs)) require the epithelial cell receptor component, fibronectin, for colonization
  • these fibronectin receptors are unavailable on intact skin
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13
Q

in nonbullous impetigo, the ____ require the epithelial cell receptor component, ____, for colonization which is normally unavailable on ____ skin

A

in nonbullous impetigo, the teichoic acid adhesions (FnBPs) require the epithelial cell receptor component, fibronectin, for colonization which is normally unavailable on intact skin

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14
Q

describe bullous impetigo

A
  • group II S. aureus
  • cause: exfoliating toxin, a protease that degrades desmoglein-1, resulting in loss of adhesion of the superficial epidermis
  • unlike nonbullous impetigo, the lesions of bullous impetigo occur on intact skin
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15
Q

bullous impetigo is caused by ____

A

bullous impetigo is caused by group II S. aureus

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16
Q

bullous impetigo is caused by ___ which is a protease that degrades ___ resulting in a loss of adhesion of ____

A

bullous impetigo is caused by exfoliating toxin which is a protease that degrades desmoglein-1 resulting in a loss of adhesion of the superficial epidermis

17
Q

unlike nonbullous impetigo, the lesions of bullous impetigo occur on ____

A

unlike nonbullous impetigo, the lesions of bullous impetigo occur on intact skin

18
Q

describe the treatment/prevention of impetigo

A
19
Q

describe the condition in the image

A
20
Q

describe cellulitis and erysipelas and the most common pathogens

A
21
Q

list other causes of cellulits, erysipelas

A

“don’t have to know this”

22
Q

describe the clinical presentation of erysipelas

A
23
Q

erysipelas has ___ borders and involves the upper ___ and superficial ____

A

erysipelas has well-defined borders and involves the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics

24
Q

cellulitis has ____ borders that expands ____ and is often accompanied by ____

A

cellulitis has ill-defined borders that expands rapidly and is often accompanied by lymphangitis

25
Q

erysipelas has a predilection for ___ and ___

while

cellulitis is most common in ___ and ____

A

erysipelas has a predilection for young children and the elderly

while

cellulitis is most common in middle-aged and elderly people

26
Q

cellulitis and erysipelas are not ____ since ____

A

cellulitis and erysipelas are not considered contagious since the bacteria has to enter the body through broken skin

27
Q

folliculitis is a superficial infection of ____

A

folliculitis is a superficial infection of the hair follicles

28
Q

list the pathogens that cause folliculitis

A
  • S. aureus = most common
  • P. aeruginosa = associated with the use of un-chlorinated hot tubs
29
Q

describe skin abscesses (furuncles and carbuncles) and the most common cause

A
  • a skin abscess is an infection of the dermis and deeper layers of skin that contains purulent material
  • S. aureus is the most common cause
30
Q

when a single follicle is infected and tracks down into the dermis, it is termed a ____

when multiple infected hair follicles coalesce, it is a ____

A

when a single follicle is infected and tracks down into the dermis, it is termed a furuncle

when multiple infected hair follicles coalesce, it is a carbuncle

31
Q

the greatest risk factor for furuncles and carbuncles is ____

A

the greatest risk factor for furuncles and carbuncles is intravenous drug use

32
Q

describe the clinical presentation of furuncles and carbuncles

A
33
Q

the microorganism responsible for inflammatory acne is ____

A

the microorganism responsible for inflammatory acne is Propionibacterium acnes

34
Q

the microorganism responsible for inflammatory acne, ____, feeds on ___ and ___ in plugged pores and follicles

A

the microorganism responsible for inflammatory acne, Propionibacterium acnes, feeds on sebum and keratin in plugged pores and follicles

35
Q

describe pilonidal abscesses

they are usually associated with _____

A

they are usually associated with anaerobic bacteria

36
Q

acute paronychia is caused by ____

while

chronic paronychia is caused by _____

A

acute paronychia is caused by staphylococci

while

chronic paronychia is caused by fungal infection (Candida spp.)