Nervous System II Flashcards
list the 2 forms of Rabies
urban = reservoirs include dogs, cats
sylvatic = wildlife (racoons, mongoose)
____ is the most common reservoir of Rabies in the US
raccoons is the most common reservoir of Rabies in the US
Rabies virus is part of the ____ family of viruses
Rabies virus is part of the Rhabdoviridae family of viruses
describe the 3 stages of Rabies encephalitis
- prodromal
- non-specific symptoms (fever, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea)
- furious
- neck and pharyngeal spasms → severe pain when swallowing (hydrophobia)
- dumb
- paralysis, disorientation, stupor
diagnosis of Rabies involves seeing intracellular _____ bodies aka ____
diagnosis of Rabies involves seeing intracellular eosinophilic cytoplasmic bodies aka Negri bodies
list the 2 methods of treating Rabies
-
Human Rabies Immune Globulin (HRIG)
- used for infusion of wound and intramuscular injection
-
inactivated vaccine
- given at: 0, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days post-exposure
the characteristic spongy appearance in CJD is due to formation of ____
the characteristic spongy appearance in CJD is due to formation of vacuoles in the cortex and cerebellum
describe the symptoms of CJD
list the 2 species of amoebae
___ is an amoeba associated with freshwater exposure
Naegleria is an amoeba associated with freshwater exposure
describe acute vs. chronic meningitis
chronic meningitis is usually ___ or ____
chronic meningitis is usually fungal or mycobacterial
aseptic meningitis is usually caused by ____
aseptic meningitis is usually caused by viruses
list the top 5 causes of acute meningitis
- S. pneumoniae
- N. meningitidis
- Listeria
- H. influenzae type b
- S. aureus
list the top 3 causes of bacterial meningitis in neonates (0-6 months)
Group B Strep
E. coli
Listeria
list the top causes of bacterial meningitis in children 6 months - 6 years
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
Enterovirus
H. influenzae type B
list the top causes of bacterial meningitis in people 6-60 yrs of age
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
Enterovirus
HSV (non-bacterial)
list the top causes of bacterial meningitis in adults > 60 yrs
S. pneumoniae
G-ve rods
Listeria
describe the virulence factors in N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, and S. pneumoniae
describe the role of the virulence factors in the steps of pathogenesis
describe the capsular types among meningitis-causing pathogens
describe the biology of N. meningitidis
list the unique symptoms of Meningococcemia
tachycardia/tachypnea
hypotension
cool hands and feet
abnormal skin color
petechial rashes are non-____ and correlates with amount of ____
petechial rashes are non-blanching and correlates with amount of thrombocytopenia
in N. meningitidis, serogroup ___ is usually responsible for epidemics in developing countries
in N. meningitidis , serogroup A is usually responsible for epidemics in developing countries
____ is used for attachment by N. meningitidis to specific receptors on ____ of ____
type 4 (IV) pili is used for attachment by N. meningitidis to specific receptors on non-ciliated epithelial cells of nasopharynx
the ____ on N. meningitidis function as ___ which enable invasion
the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) on N. meningitidis function as afimbrial adhesins which enable invasion
the _____ in N. meningitidis enables iron acquisition
the transferrin binding proteins (Tbp) in N. meningitidis enables iron acquisition
____ is the major virulence factor of N. meningitidis
lipoOLIGOsaccharide (LOS, NOT LPS) is the major virulence factor of N. meningitidis
what is a method of differentiating between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea?
N. meningitidis ferments maltose
whereas N. gonorrhea does NOT ferment maltose
in N. meningitidis, the release of ___ act as endotoxins
in N. meningitidis , the release of membrane blebs act as endotoxins
the vaccine for N. meningitidis is based on serogroups ____ (4)
the vaccine for N. meningitidis is based on serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y
CSF or blood samples of suspected N. meningitidis infection should be cultured on ____ or ____
CSF or blood samples of suspected N. meningitidis infection should be cultured on chocolate agar or Thayer Martin + increased CO2
for skin or nasopharyngeal swabs in suspected N. meningitidis, they should be cultured on ____
for skin or nasopharyngeal swabs in suspected N. meningitidis , they should be cultured on modified Thayer Martin agar
the ____ test can be used for N. meningitidis, where the color change to blue/purple indicates a positive result
the oxidase test can be used for N. meningitidis, where the color change to blue/purple indicates a positive result
