Nervous System IV Flashcards
Toxoplasma gondii is the most common CNS infection in ____
Toxoplasma gondii is the most common CNS infection in HIV patients not receiving HAART
____ are seen on CT/MRI in patients with T. gondii infection
multiple CNS abscess-like ring-enhanced structures are seen on CT/MRI in patients with T. gondii infection
____ are the infective form of T. gondii
oocysts are the infective form of T. gondii
list the findings that suggest T. gondii diagnosis
CD4 count < 100
compatible clinical syndrome
positive T. gondii IgG antibody
brain imaging with ring-enhancing lesions
describe Botulism and Tetanus
Botulinum toxin binds to ____ blocking ____
Botulinum toxin binds to presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals blocking release of ACh
Tetanospasmin binds to ____, is internalized, and transported ____ and ultimately blocks ____
Tetanospasmin binds to presynaptic membrane of the NMJ, is internalized, and transported retroaxonally to the spinal cord and ultimately blocks release of glycine and GABA
Botulism is associated with ___ paralysis, ____ and ____
while
Tetanus is associated with ____ paralysis
Botulism is associated with flaccid paralysis, ptosis and slurred speech
while
Tetanus is associated with spastic/rigid paralysis
describe the pathogenesis of Cladophialphora bantiana
Cladophilaphora bantiana has a ____ coloration due to presence of _____
Cladophilaphora bantiana has a golden-brown coloration due to presence of melanin pigment in spores and cell wall
Mycobacterium leprae causes damage to ____ by invading ____
Mycobacterium leprae causes damage to peripheral sensory nerves by invading Schwann cells, directly causing demyelination
the main feature of M. leprae is _____ lesions with/without which 3 symptoms?
the main feature of M. leprae is hypopigmented skin lesions with/without:
hypoesthesia
weakness
peripheral nerve thickening
list the top causes of bacterial conjunctivitis
S. aureus (adults)
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
Adenovirus can cause epidemic _____, which leads to watery, non-purulent discharge from eyes
Adenovirus can cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), which leads to watery, non-purulent discharge from eyes
viral conjunctivitis is described as a ____ sensation
viral conjunctivitis is described as a “gritty” sensation