Multisystem II: Tick-Borne Infections Flashcards
Rickettsiae are (G+ve/G-ve?), (motile/non-motile?) bacteria
Rickettsiae are G-ve, non-motile bacteria
the major endemic areas of Rickettsia rickettsii are which 5 states?
- NC
- Oklahoma
- SC
- Tennessee
- Arkansas
after entering through the skin, R. rickettsii spread via bloodstream to infect ____/____ cells
after entering through the skin, R. rickettsii spread via bloodstream to infect endothelium/vascular smooth muscle cells
after R. rickettsii infects ____ cells, ___ leak from breaks in vessels which results in ____
after R. rickettsii infects endothelial cells, RBCs leak from breaks in vessels which results in rash & petechial lesions
which 2 clinical features strongly suggest RMSF diagnosis?
thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia
the red-to-purple spotted (petechial) rash of RMSF is usually not seen until ____
the red-to-purple spotted (petechial) rash of RMSF is usually not seen until the 5th day/later after onset of symptoms
list further complications of RMSF
____ test is an immunohistochemical antigen detection test for diagnosing infection with R. rickettsii
Weil-Felix test is an immunohistochemical antigen detection test for diagnosing infection with R. rickettsii
Lyme disease is caused by ___ (organism)
Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdoferi
B. burgdorferi produces ____ that mediate binding to ____ & ____
B. burgdorferi produce adhesins that mediate binding to GAGs & integrins
spirochetes can evade host response due to its resistance to ___ via ___ proteins and _____
spirochetes can evade host response due to its resistance to complement-mediated killing via Factor H proteins and antigenic variation
infection with B. burgdoferi induces synthesis of ___ and ___
infection with B. burgdoferi induces synthesis of proinflammatory & anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Type I IFNs)
the initial tick bite causes a rash called ____
the initial tick bite causes a rash called erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) which is a slowly expanding red ring (Bull’s eye rash)
describe further complications of Lyme disease
describe the diagnosis of Lyme disease
in diagnosing Lyme disease,
the first test is ____
and the second test for confirmation is ____
in diagnosing Lyme disease,
the first test is enzyme immunoassay (EIA)/immunofluorescence assay (IFA)
and the second test for confirmation is Western blot
the vector for Leishmania is ____
the vector for Leishmania is sand fly
the infective stage of Leishmania is the ___ stage
while
the diagnostic stage of Leishmania is the ____ stage
the infective stage of Leishmania is the promastigote stage
while
the diagnostic stage of Leishmania is the amastigote stage
list the 3 basic outcomes of Leishmaniasis
- self-limiting infxn
- fulminating rapidly fatal disease
- chronic debilitating process
in Leishmaniasis, parasites invade ____ which causes marked enlargement of ___ and ____
in Leishmaniasis, parasites invade RES which causes marked enlargement of liver and spleen
successful treatment of Leishmaniasis can lead to _____ on the skin which is also called “post _____”
successful treatment of Leishmaniasis can lead to depigmented granulomatous eruptions on the skin on the skin which is also called “ post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis”
____ is the best tool for parasitic identification
microscopic identification is the best tool for parasitic identification
the vector for Trypanosomiasis is ____
the vector for Trypanosomiasis is Reduviid bug aka Kissing bug
infection in Trypanosomiasis occurs when infected bug feces are _____
infection in Trypanosomiasis occurs when infected bug feces are rubbed into the conjunctiva, bite site, or break in the skin
amplification of T. cruzi occurs in ___ or ____
amplification of T. cruzi occurs in muscle or nerve fibers
in Trypanosomiasis,
___ is the infective stage
____ is the diagnostic stage
in Trypanosomiasis,
trypomastigotes is the infective stage
amastigotes is the diagnostic stage
in the acute phase of Trypanosomiasis, there are skin lesions and ____ swellings of the ____, aka ____ sign
in the acute phase of Trypanosomiasis, there are skin lesions and purple swellings of the eyelid, aka Romana sign
why is it difficult to diagnose Trypanosomiasis during the chronic phase?
few or no parasites are found in the blood
describe the cardiac disorders seen in chronic Trypanosomiasis
- DCM
- cardiac arrythmias
- heart failure
list the GI disorders seen in chronic Trypanosomiasis
- esophagus → achalasia
- colon → megacolon
____ is the best tool for parasitic identification
what is seen in Trypanosomiasis?
microscopic identification is the best tool for parasitic identification
large “C” shaped appearance of cells = kinetoplast in nucleus
