Nervous I Flashcards
what indicates encephalitis more than meningitis?
if there is behavioral and speech disturbances, along with focal or diffuse neurologic signs
____ is the most likely site of entry when through the hematogenous route
choroid plexus is the most likely site of entry when through the hematogenous route
hematogenous spread to the CNS is often from ____ such as ____
hematogenous spread to the CNS is often from contiguous site of infection such as resp. tract
Rabies is an example of direct neural spread, where it enters axons of ____ and then spreads to ____
Rabies is an example of direct neural spread, where it enters axons of peripheral nerve and then spreads to anterior horn of spinal cord
HHV/HSV-1 is an example of direct neural spread where it travels via ____
HHV/HSV-1 is an example of direct neural spread where it travels via trigeminal nerve root
poliovirus is acquired via what route?
fecal-oral route
since poliovirus is acquired via the ____ route, it must resist the activity of ____ by having ____
since poliovirus is acquired via the fecal-oral route, it must resist the activity of intestinal proteases by having a surface polypeptide that confers resistance
N. meningitidis is acquired through which 2 ways?
normal flora or inhaled
N. meningitidis must move from ___ to ____ and from there into the blood
N. meningitidis must move from epithelial (nasopharynx) to endothelial cells (blood vessels) and from there into the blood
____ or ____ is preferred method of testing for WNV
serum or CSF serology is preferred method of testing for WNV
describe the 2 forms of encephalitis
what is the major criterion for diagnosing encephalitis?
altered mental status lasting >24 hrs with no alternative cause identified
_____ is a rare, late complication of measles infection
(can occur 5-15 years after primary infxn)
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, late complication of measles infection
(can occur 5-15 years after primary infxn )
SSPE is caused by slow ____
SSPE is caused by slow replication of defective measles virus
“pt had infxn as child and now presents with personality changes, gradual ongoing intellectual deterioration and loss of motor skills”
dx?
SSPE
“pt had infxn as child and now presents with personality changes, gradual ongoing intellectual deterioration and loss of motor skills”
what is used to diagnose this condition?
high levels of measles antibody in CSF or serum
list the top 2 viral causes of primary encephalitis
- HSV
- VZV
____ is the main cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis worldwide (inc. US)
HSV-1 is the main cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis worldwide (inc. US)
in HSV, there is invasion via ___ or ___
in HSV, there is invasion via trigeminal nerve or olfactory tract
list the Arboviral infections that lead to encephalitis
in all Arboviral encephalitides, there is neuronal damage due to ____
in all Arboviral encephalitides, there is neuronal damage due to apoptosis
which 2 viruses should be considered with a case of encephalitis in the US?
West Nile Virus
St. Louis encephalitis virus
La Crosse Virus is part of the ____ family of viruses
La Crosse Virus is part of the Bunyaviridae family of viruses
____ is the most common cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in the US
WNV is the most common cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in the US
WNV is part of the ____ family of viruses
WNV is part of the Flaviviridae family of viruses
WNV replicates in ____
WNV replicates in the cytoplasm
describe the symptoms of WNV
describe the paralysis seen in WNV infection
acute flaccid, asymmetric paralysis
“older individual who has been outside and now has acute flaccid paralysis”
dx?
WNV
