Skin Cancers Flashcards
Non-melanoma skin cancer account for how many %?
98%
out of Non-melanoma skin cancers, how many are BCC? and SCC?
BCC: 67%
SCC: 31%
which skin cancer is most dangerous?
Melanomas
what is the most common skin cancer in Aus?
BCC
skin cancer directly related to?
UV exposure
SCC comes from which cells?
keratinocyte dysplasia
what is Bowen’s disease?
SCC in situ
SCC symptoms?
tender to touch
usu. freely moving
SCC growth timeline?
over weeks/months
SCCs more or less dangerous and common that BCC?
more dangerous
less common
where do you find SCCs usually?
chronic sun exposed sites
risk factor for SCC besides sun exposure?
smoking
where does SCCs like to be?
back of hands ears lips legs head
where does SCCs like to be?
back of hands ears lips legs head
who else is susceptible to SCCs besides chronic sun exposure ppl?
immunosuppressed ppl
treatments for SCC?
surgical excision
radiotherapy
what does BCC look like?
pearly nodule with central ulceration
what is around the BCC usually?
telangiectasia
where do BCCs happen?
in areas of sporadic ‘binge’ sun: big burn areas
Head, Face, Neck, Trunk
BCCs invasive? metastatic?
locally invasive
rarely metastasize
BCCs painful or tender?
Not so much
what is a red flag for BCCs?
bleeding from nodule
what does the superficial BCC present as?
solitary red plaque not responding to topical treatment
how to treat nodular/infiltrating BCCs?
surgery
how to treat superficial BCCs?
surgery
topical imiquimod
photodynamic therapy
serial curettage
what is Actinic Keratoses? where? tender?
solar keratoses “sun spots”
scaly lesions on dorsum of hands
Not tender
Actinic Keratoses dangerous?
rarely progress to invasive SCC
what is the red flag for Actinic Keratoses?
growing hyperkeratotic
tender nodule
means it’s transforming into SCC
Actinic Keratoses treatment?
Cryotherapy
topical
surgery
Bowen’s disease affects how much of skin? AKA?
full thickness
AKA SCC in situ
Bowen’s disease affects how much of skin? AKA?
full thickness (non invasive SCC) AKA SCC in situ
what age do you usually stop getting new naevi?
Age 40
all pigmented lesions from melanocytes?
Nope, can be pigmented BCC, AK
the moles you’re born with are called?
congenital naevi
which congenital naevi worry?
large ones that may transform
cosmesis
bening junctional naevi colour and size? where?
uniform colour
where are benign compound naevi found skin layers wise?
both epidermis and dermis
hair in benign compound naevi ?
yes and no
colour of benign compound naevi ?
even colour
benign intradermal naevi colour?
paler, skin coloured
describe benign moles?
small regular uniform colour regular edges symmetrical don't change with time
freckles induced by?
sun induced pigmentation
freckles due to?
melanin not melanocytes
what are lentigines? who? grows?
sun-induced pigmented macules
middle aged ppl
static in size
who gets seborrhoeic keratoses? appearance? grows?
older ppl
warty ‘stuck on’ appearance
larger with time
pigmented seborrhoeic keratosis malignant?
nope
describe a dysplastic naevi?
larger >5mm
2 or more colours
irregular borders
dysplastic naevi malignant?
Nope
2/3 melanomas arise out of?
normal skin
NOT preexisting naevi
should we excise dysplastic naevi prophylactically?
Nope unless looks suspicious
risk factors of melanoma?
More than 5 dysplastic naevi more than 100 tpical naevi blistering sunburns immunosuppression red hair blue eyes
risk factors of melanoma?
More than 5 dysplastic naevi more than 100 tpical naevi blistering sunburns immunosuppression red hair blue eyes
where do men and women get melanomas?
Men: trunk head, neck
Women: Legs
ABCDE of naevi?
asymmetry border irregularity colour variation diameter (>5mm) evolution (change trumps everything)
melanomas need to be >5mm for concern?
Nope, early evolution can be smaller.
2 things that trump dx for melanoma?
new lesion
changing naevus
most common melanoma?
superficial spreading melanoma (SSM)
what is lentigo maligna?
melanoma in situ, not into dermis
what is the worst prognostic kind of melanoma?
nodular melanoma
what is Acral lentiginous melanoma?
on hands and feet
in-situ
Nodular melanoma fulfill ABCDE?
Nope
rapid growth and early invasion
who has nodular melanomas?
older males
melanoma characteristics? EFG?
elevated
firm
growing
red flags for melanoma?
new
changing
bleeding
irritating/changing
Non melanoma skin cancer lesions occur separately?
Nope, can be on the same patient at same time
how to confirm Non melanoma skin cancer lesions ?
punch biopsy
shave biopsy
