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Jason's MD2 Core Conditions > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension affects which organs?

A

Heart
Kidney
Brain (stroke)

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2
Q

above 115/75, each increase in SBP increase risk of CVD and stroke by?

A

doubles

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3
Q

ppl with average or high BP more at risk of CVD?

A

average BP

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4
Q

Cause of primary hypertension?

A

95% is unknown

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5
Q

primary hypertension polygenic causes? 3

A
  1. sympathetic hyperactivity
  2. renin activation
  3. salt susceptibility
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6
Q

primary hypertension environmental?

A
  1. obesity
  2. excess salt
  3. alcohol
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7
Q

what is secondary hypertension?

A

5% of primary hypertension that is identified

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8
Q

4 big things that cause secondary hypertension?

A
  1. renal disease
  2. renal artery stenosis
  3. adrenal tumours(aldosterone, cortisol, catecholamines)
  4. sleep apnea
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9
Q

when do you use steth for BP?

A

if suspect atrial fib

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10
Q

Dx of HTN?

A

BP >140/90
after 5 minutes rest
2 readings, 2 minutes apart

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11
Q

confirm HTN?

A

1-4 week additional visit

24 hour measurements >135/85

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12
Q

what disease has low K+ when testing kidneys?

A

aldosteronism

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13
Q

what 2 values are high in renal disease?

A

plasma K+

Creatinine

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14
Q

Treat immediately HTN when Systolic is?

A

> 180mmHg

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15
Q

Treat immediately HTN when Diastolic is?

A

> 110mmHg

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16
Q

Treat immediately HTN when Systolic and diastolic is?

A

SBP >160mmHg

DBP <70mmHg

17
Q

normal start treatment of HTN + risk when?

A

> 140/90 with condition: DM2, CV, renal disease or high CV risk, family hx

18
Q

high pulse wave velocity implies?

A

stiff large arteries

19
Q

atherosclerosis means there is increase thickness of?

A

intima-media of large arteries

20
Q

non pharma Rx: 5

A
  1. lose weight
  2. stop smoking
  3. less alcohol
  4. less salt
  5. exercise!
21
Q

when to add drugs on top of existing drug?

A

wait 2-3 weeks

22
Q

What is the most important cause of “resistant hypertension”?

A

poor compliance

Jason's MD2 Core Conditions (33 decks)

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