ECG Made Easy Cards Flashcards
Each small square is how long?
0.04s
each big square is how long?
0.2 s
how to calculate rate?
number of Rs x 6
how long is the QRS complex normally?
120ms
how long is the PR interval normally?
180ms
which 2 leads look at heart from opposite directions?
Lead aVR
Lead II
what happens to lead III in left ventricular hypertrophy?
more negative
V3 and V4 look at what?
septum
V3 and V4 look at what?
septum
how do you know you’re looking at septum?
R and S waves are equal
how do you know you’re looking at septum? called?
R and S waves are equal
Transition point
why is the transition point important?
if a ventricle is enlarged, transition point will move
Left: V2, V3
Right: V4, V5
why is the transition point important?
if a ventricle is enlarged, transition point will move
Left: V2, V3
Right: V4, V5
calibration is set to how many cm?
1mV causes 1cm deflection
what can mask ECG in a parkinson’s patient?
tremor or muscular contractions
order of ECG reporting:
- rhythm
- conduction intervals
- cardiac axis
- QRS description
- ST segments and T waves
PR interval should less than?
6 small squares
PR interval should less than?
6 small squares
what does first degree heart block look like on ECG?
prolonged PR internal (>220ms)
AF need to be at a certain rate?
Any rate AF
what slows AV node?
Betablocker
Verapamil
diltiazem
Sotalol
most common cause of no ‘p’ waves?
AF
wide QRS could mean?
-not going through His-Purkinje system
-different origins of depolarization
- Ventricular origin (Ectopic or escape beat)
- Bundle branch block (cell-cell conduction is slower)
wide QRS common causes?
AF/bundle branch block (cell-cell) (irregular rhythm)
Pacemaker in right ventricle (cell-cell) (regular rhythm)
disassociated ‘p’ waves could mean?
junctional escape beat
isorhythmic dissociation
What is the difference between Mobitz type 1 and Type 2?
Both are second degree heart blocks
Type 1: progressive lengthening of PR interval
Type 2: PR interval is constant with a solo P wave
what is second degree heart block?
excitation completely fails to pass through AV node/bundle of His
what is 2:1 conduction?
2 P waves per QRS or a second P wave within the ‘T’ wave
what is 3rd degree heart block?
normal atrial contraction, nothing to the ventricles
How are ventricles depolarized in 3rd degree heart block? look like what on ECG?
slower ‘escape mechanism’, widened ‘QRS’ interval
cause of chronic 3rd degree heart bloack?
fibrosis around bundle of His
bilateral bundle branch blocks
what is 3rd degree heart block?
normal atrial contraction, nothing to the ventricles
Atrial rate completely different from QRS rate
