ECG Made Easy Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Each small square is how long?

A

0.04s

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2
Q

each big square is how long?

A

0.2 s

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3
Q

how to calculate rate?

A

number of Rs x 6

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4
Q

how long is the QRS complex normally?

A

120ms

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5
Q

how long is the PR interval normally?

A

180ms

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6
Q

which 2 leads look at heart from opposite directions?

A

Lead aVR

Lead II

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7
Q

what happens to lead III in left ventricular hypertrophy?

A

more negative

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8
Q

V3 and V4 look at what?

A

septum

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9
Q

V3 and V4 look at what?

A

septum

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10
Q

how do you know you’re looking at septum?

A

R and S waves are equal

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11
Q

how do you know you’re looking at septum? called?

A

R and S waves are equal

Transition point

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12
Q

why is the transition point important?

A

if a ventricle is enlarged, transition point will move
Left: V2, V3
Right: V4, V5

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13
Q

why is the transition point important?

A

if a ventricle is enlarged, transition point will move
Left: V2, V3
Right: V4, V5

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14
Q

calibration is set to how many cm?

A

1mV causes 1cm deflection

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15
Q

what can mask ECG in a parkinson’s patient?

A

tremor or muscular contractions

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16
Q

order of ECG reporting:

A
  1. rhythm
  2. conduction intervals
  3. cardiac axis
  4. QRS description
  5. ST segments and T waves
17
Q

PR interval should less than?

A

6 small squares

18
Q

PR interval should less than?

A

6 small squares

19
Q

what does first degree heart block look like on ECG?

A

prolonged PR internal (>220ms)

20
Q

AF need to be at a certain rate?

A

Any rate AF

21
Q

what slows AV node?

A

Betablocker
Verapamil
diltiazem
Sotalol

22
Q

most common cause of no ‘p’ waves?

23
Q

wide QRS could mean?

A

-not going through His-Purkinje system

24
Q

-different origins of depolarization

A
  • Ventricular origin (Ectopic or escape beat)

- Bundle branch block (cell-cell conduction is slower)

25
wide QRS common causes?
AF/bundle branch block (cell-cell) (irregular rhythm) | Pacemaker in right ventricle (cell-cell) (regular rhythm)
26
disassociated 'p' waves could mean?
junctional escape beat | isorhythmic dissociation
27
What is the difference between Mobitz type 1 and Type 2?
Both are second degree heart blocks Type 1: progressive lengthening of PR interval Type 2: PR interval is constant with a solo P wave
28
what is second degree heart block?
excitation completely fails to pass through AV node/bundle of His
29
what is 2:1 conduction?
2 P waves per QRS or a second P wave within the 'T' wave
30
what is 3rd degree heart block?
normal atrial contraction, nothing to the ventricles
31
How are ventricles depolarized in 3rd degree heart block? look like what on ECG?
slower 'escape mechanism', widened 'QRS' interval
32
cause of chronic 3rd degree heart bloack?
fibrosis around bundle of His | bilateral bundle branch blocks
33
what is 3rd degree heart block?
normal atrial contraction, nothing to the ventricles | Atrial rate completely different from QRS rate