COPD

Question 1

S. Typhi vaccine protected against?

Answer 1

S. Typhi, NOT S. paratyphi

Question 2

main cause of COPD?

Answer 2

smoking

Question 3

COPD definition?

Answer 3

group of disorders causing airway inflam, airflow limitation, not reversible

Question 4

4 classic features of COPD?

Answer 4

chest hyperinflation
prolonged expiration
reduced breath sounds
reduced FEV1/FVC

Question 5

COPD inflammation causes 2 kinds of damage:

Answer 5

small airways disease

parenchymal destruction

Question 6

why do you get parenchymal destruction in COPD?

Answer 6

chronic inflamm
macrophages,
proteinase-antiproteinase imbalance
oxidative stress

Question 7

why do you get hypoxia in COPD?

Answer 7

lose alveolar surface area: increased pulmonary vascular pressures

Question 8

how do you get emphysema with COPD?

Answer 8

protease destruction of alveolar wall proteins

Question 9

what is a bullae?

Answer 9

large emphyseamatous cavity in lung, not functional

Question 10

what is alpha-1 antitrypsin do?

Answer 10

mops up elastase in the lung normally

Question 11

how to calculate the FER?

Answer 11

FEV1/FVC

Question 12

FER airflow obstruction cutoff number?

Answer 12

<0.7

Question 13

what lung structure does asthma NOT affect?

Answer 13

lung parenchyma

Question 14

fibrosis in asthma?

Answer 14

nope

Question 15

astham affects which airways?

Answer 15

all of them large and small

Question 16

COPD affects which airways?

Answer 16

peripheral aiways

Question 17

mucus hypersecretion more in COPD or Asthma?

Answer 17

COPD

Question 18

gold classification for stage 1-4 and FEV1% are what?

Answer 18

1: >80%
2: 50-80%
3: 30-50%
4: <30%

Question 19

what is varenicline for?

Answer 19

smoking cessation

Question 20

what is tiotropium?

Answer 20

LAMA

Question 21

when do you use corticosteroids for COPD?

Answer 21

severe FEV1<50% COPD

Question 22

what 2 things not to forget to ask in OSCE?

Answer 22

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Mood and psychosocial/anxiety

Question 23

2 vaccines you should always get if you have COPD?

Answer 23

Influenza

Pneumococcal

Question 24

O2 and COPD improves what?

Answer 24

mortality, not morbidity

Question 25

how would surgery help in COPD?

Answer 25

remove bullae

Question 26

what is 3 COPD exacerbation anthonisen criteria? how treat if present?

Answer 26

more dyspnoea
more sputum
more discoloured sputum

treat with Antibiotics

Question 27

what is Haldane effect?

Answer 27

O2 displaces CO2 from Hb