COPD Flashcards
S. Typhi vaccine protected against?
S. Typhi, NOT S. paratyphi
main cause of COPD?
smoking
COPD definition?
group of disorders causing airway inflam, airflow limitation, not reversible
4 classic features of COPD?
chest hyperinflation
prolonged expiration
reduced breath sounds
reduced FEV1/FVC
COPD inflammation causes 2 kinds of damage:
small airways disease
parenchymal destruction
why do you get parenchymal destruction in COPD?
chronic inflamm
macrophages,
proteinase-antiproteinase imbalance
oxidative stress
why do you get hypoxia in COPD?
lose alveolar surface area: increased pulmonary vascular pressures
how do you get emphysema with COPD?
protease destruction of alveolar wall proteins
what is a bullae?
large emphyseamatous cavity in lung, not functional
what is alpha-1 antitrypsin do?
mops up elastase in the lung normally
how to calculate the FER?
FEV1/FVC
FER airflow obstruction cutoff number?
<0.7
what lung structure does asthma NOT affect?
lung parenchyma
fibrosis in asthma?
nope
astham affects which airways?
all of them large and small
COPD affects which airways?
peripheral aiways
mucus hypersecretion more in COPD or Asthma?
COPD
gold classification for stage 1-4 and FEV1% are what?
1: >80%
2: 50-80%
3: 30-50%
4: <30%
what is varenicline for?
smoking cessation
what is tiotropium?
LAMA
when do you use corticosteroids for COPD?
severe FEV1<50% COPD
what 2 things not to forget to ask in OSCE?
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Mood and psychosocial/anxiety
2 vaccines you should always get if you have COPD?
Influenza
Pneumococcal
O2 and COPD improves what?
mortality, not morbidity
how would surgery help in COPD?
remove bullae
what is 3 COPD exacerbation anthonisen criteria? how treat if present?
more dyspnoea
more sputum
more discoloured sputum
treat with Antibiotics
what is Haldane effect?
O2 displaces CO2 from Hb
