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VAP > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

what is dermis

A

tough interwoven matrix of collagen and elastin important in injury. called corneum in hoof and horn

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2
Q

what is stratum corneum

A

shrunken nuclei + keratin > squames and flakes

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3
Q

what is epidermis

A

stratified sqamous with following layers of stratum corneum, stratum granulosum - keratinisation, stratum spinosum which is shrunken but retains desmosomes, stratum basale: folded and germinal

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4
Q

what is skin

A

invaginated epidermal bulb indented by a dermal papilla. squames fuse into a dense solid column of keratin. complex follicles can bear multiple hairs - sometimes seasonal. arrector pilli muscle contract when cold of threatened

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5
Q

functions of the skin

A

prevent injury, infection and dehydration, protection, thermoregulation, sensation, gland secretion, patterning, movement, economic - leather wool fur ect

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6
Q

how did the skin develop

A

mesoderm > hypodermis/subcutis, mesoderm > dermatome > trunk/limb dermis. neural crest > melanocytes > facial dermis. ectoderm > epidermis (glands, hair follicles and muscles ect)

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7
Q

what is the hypodermis

A

loose connective tissue and fat which allows considerable mobility. site of emphysema, oedema and subcutanous injections. excess skin may form DEWLAPS

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8
Q

what are adipocytes

A

cells most able to change shape, large lipid droplet vacuole surrounded by a thin rind of metabolically active cytoplasm. symp innervation.

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9
Q

white fat is for….

A

storage

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10
Q

brown fat is for…..

A

thermogenesis

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11
Q

variations in epidermis?

A

thickness, no vessels only tips of nerves, surface markings such as nasal planum, pad conical papillae and pad ridges). pigmentation from melanocytes, papillae/ridges increase grip on ground

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12
Q

features of hair

A

specialised form of epidermal keratinisation. insulation role, sensory fibres growing from scale hinges suggests evol from scales/feathers?

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13
Q

hair growth phases 3

A

anagen (growth) > catagen (follicle atrophy) > telogen (old hair displaced by new)

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14
Q

what are the different hair types

A

1 guard/cover/topcoat hairs - promoting water run off. 2 lanugo/undercoat - wool. 3 vibrissae/whiskers - follicle embedded deep in a densely innervated venous plexus

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15
Q

what are simple sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum (lanolin in sheep), they form when cells rupture = ‘holocrine’ cells. discharged into hair follicles or directly to surface.

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16
Q

what do simple sebaceous glands secrete

A

triglycerides, unique wax, squalene, mainly lipid based on glycerol. antimicrobial lipids, immunoglobulins, vitamin E and antioxidants to keep skin pliable and water proof

17
Q

what are specialised glands

A

ceruminous > earwax, tarsal (eyelids)> superficial layer of tear film

18
Q

what is another form of gland

A

scent

19
Q

what are anal glands

A

found in par anal sac OF ANAL CANAL, 4&8oclock with single duct opening at anocutaneous junction (duct opens at gut to epidermis).

20
Q

what emptied anal glands

A

external striated anal sphincter

21
Q

what is the circumanal

A

hepatoid glands, external peri-anal surface in the furthest bit of skin around the anus

22
Q

what are apocrine glands

A

secrete sweat into hair follicles > albcentinous

23
Q

what controls apocrine glands

A

hormonal - adrenaline in horses/humans

24
Q

how do apocrine glands secrete sweat

A

secrete in membrane bound vesicles into the lumen - apocrine.

25
Q

what do apocrines specifically excrete

A

proteinacious stuff to form a foam

26
Q

what are ecrine glands

A

sweat glands that secrete directly onto the surface of the skin not via a hair follicle.

27
Q

outline the process of eccrine gland secretion

A

surface pores>watery sweat of pads and nose

28
Q

what type of innvervation is on eccrine glands

A

adrenergic (animals) sympathetic innervation

29
Q

how do eccrine glands secretion (mechanism)

A

by exocytosis: merocrine

30
Q

what are eccrine glands in the male platypuses?

A

venomous

31
Q

are eccrine glands heavily relied on

A

no

VAP (27 decks)

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