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VAP > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 different types of joint (diarthrosis)

A

hinge, ball and socket, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, planar

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2
Q

whats an example of snap joint

A

horse elbow joint

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3
Q

what is a snap joint

A

some hinge joints that at a high energy state in an intermediate position

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4
Q

what is a synostosis

A

bone

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5
Q

synchondrosis

A

cartillage

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6
Q

symphysis

A

fibrocartillage

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7
Q

syndesmosis

A

fibrous

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8
Q

gomphosis

A

fibrous

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9
Q

amphialthrosis

A

outdated term used for intervertebral joints which include one symphysis and two diarthroses

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10
Q

what are diarthrosis

A

more mobile synovial joints with fluid and cartilage which can be subclassified by movement

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11
Q

hinge

A

hock of equine or canine elbow

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12
Q

pivot

A

cat radioulnar 1 axis

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13
Q

saddle

A

interphalangeal 2axes

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14
Q

ellipsoidal

A

antebrachiocarpal joint 2 axes

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15
Q

ball and socket joint

A

hip, 3 axes

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16
Q

planar

A

intercarpals/intertarsals

17
Q

what are the structure of the diarthrosis

A

synovial membrane is weak and floppy vs fibrous capsule which is thick and tough

18
Q

outline synovial membrane

A

glistening pink, many vessels and nerves, often incomplete, no basement membrane, synoviocytes type A (phagocytic) and type B (secretory) folded or tufted, often large pouches to allow movement

19
Q

outline synovial fluid

A

secreted by membrane, plasma ultrafiltrate and hyaluronate (long chain glycosaminoglycan), lubricative and nutritive

20
Q

what is the gross structure of articular cartilage

A

varies in fibrous content, 1mm in the dog, no vessels or nerves fed by diffusion

21
Q

what has the most articular cartilage

A

1 fluid 2 capsule 3 bone

22
Q

what are tangential fibres

A

arcade arrangement of collagen that are smooth and firmly anchored, perpendicular deeper

23
Q

describe the matrix mesh of articular cartilage

A

type 2 collagen resists tension, there is a hyaluronate mesh made of glycosaminoglycan, and proteoglycans which have a protein core and GAG side chains

24
Q

what is the function of the proteoglycans

A

retain water, resist compression, seep fluid into joint space

25
Q

microstructure of proteoglycans

A

protein core made of aggrecan, chondroitin sulfate gag, keratin sulfate gag and a linker protein.

26
Q

role of gags having a negative charge

A

1 repeal each other and attract water, 2 resist compression and weeps in/out of joint space, 3 lubricates joint and pumps nutrients/gases

27
Q

articular cartilage conditions

A

degeneration of collagen/hyaluronate/peptidoglycan meshes reduce joint function.

28
Q

how to treat articular cartilage conditions

A

supplement with chrondroitin and /or glucosamine (precursor of sugars in GAGs)

29
Q

what does enrofloxacin cause

A

abnormal development of articular cartilage

30
Q

what are capsule ligaments

A

fibrous capsule attaches to periosteum and is continuous with articular cartilage, supports joint and has much innervation

31
Q

what are discs

A

fibrocartilage ingrowths from capsule, if split into two parts they cause a disc (complete) e.g. jaw joints

32
Q

what are mensici

A

fibrocartilage ingrowths from capsule, incomplete e.g. in stifle, they allocate diff movements to diff compartments

33
Q

what is a labrum

A

fibrocartilaginous extension to joint surface e.g. hipsocket

34
Q

what is a fat pad

A

they lie between synovial membrane and capsule

35
Q

what is a bursae

A

small synovial spaces between bones and something else e.g. tendon or occasional muscles/ligaments or skin

VAP (27 decks)

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