hindlimb Flashcards
does the hindlimb have a bony attachment to the axial skeleton at the pelvis
yes, the pelvic girdle, the sacrum and the vertebrae coccygeal
what comprises the pelvic girdle
two coxal bones which articulate ventrally at the pelvic symphysis forming a joint
what is the ileum
largest of the three bones, forms wing of pelvis
what is the ischium
most caudal, forms the caudal ventral pelvic floor
what is the pubis
smallest of the three bones, forms the cranial ventral pelvic floor
where do the ileum, ischium and pubis meet
at the c shaped acetabulum point of femoral articulation
what is the stifle
works like a hinge but consists of the femoropatellar joint and the femorotibial joint
what are menisci
two crescentic plates of fibrocartilage which lie between the femur and tibia and attach to the tibia at two points each
what is the tarsus (hock)
restricted to flexion and extension, comprises three separate joints = tibiotarsal, intertarsal, tarsometatarsal
what is the tibiotarsal joint
between trochlea of tibiotarsal bone and distal tibia. greatest range of movement
what is the intertarsal joint
gliding joint with restricted movement
tarsometatarsal joint
gliding joint with very little movement
where are all seven tarsal bones present
carnivore and pig
what are the tarsal bones in the horse
the first and second tarsal bones are fused
what are the tarsal bones in the ox
2nd and 3rd tarsal bones are fused. the fourth and central tarsal bones are fused
what are the patella ligaments in different species
carnivores, pigs and small ruminants have 1 patellar ligament whilst horses and oxen have 3
what are cruciate ligaments
strong bands that cross the tibia, femoro-tibial joint between two synovial sacs. can be cranial or caudal
difference between tibia and fibula
tibia is long bone whereas fibula is thinner and varies in carnivores
outline the arrangement of the tarsal bones
tibial fibular
central. (fourth)
1. 2. 3. 4
which is the largest tarsal bone
fibular
name the fibular tarsal bone structure
lateral = body which is enlarged to form the tuber calcis, medial = sustentaculium
what is the tuber calcis a lever for
gastrocnemius, SDF, biceps femoris, semitendinosus
