hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

does the hindlimb have a bony attachment to the axial skeleton at the pelvis

A

yes, the pelvic girdle, the sacrum and the vertebrae coccygeal

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2
Q

what comprises the pelvic girdle

A

two coxal bones which articulate ventrally at the pelvic symphysis forming a joint

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3
Q

what is the ileum

A

largest of the three bones, forms wing of pelvis

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4
Q

what is the ischium

A

most caudal, forms the caudal ventral pelvic floor

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5
Q

what is the pubis

A

smallest of the three bones, forms the cranial ventral pelvic floor

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6
Q

where do the ileum, ischium and pubis meet

A

at the c shaped acetabulum point of femoral articulation

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7
Q

what is the stifle

A

works like a hinge but consists of the femoropatellar joint and the femorotibial joint

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8
Q

what are menisci

A

two crescentic plates of fibrocartilage which lie between the femur and tibia and attach to the tibia at two points each

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9
Q

what is the tarsus (hock)

A

restricted to flexion and extension, comprises three separate joints = tibiotarsal, intertarsal, tarsometatarsal

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10
Q

what is the tibiotarsal joint

A

between trochlea of tibiotarsal bone and distal tibia. greatest range of movement

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11
Q

what is the intertarsal joint

A

gliding joint with restricted movement

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12
Q

tarsometatarsal joint

A

gliding joint with very little movement

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13
Q

where are all seven tarsal bones present

A

carnivore and pig

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14
Q

what are the tarsal bones in the horse

A

the first and second tarsal bones are fused

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15
Q

what are the tarsal bones in the ox

A

2nd and 3rd tarsal bones are fused. the fourth and central tarsal bones are fused

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16
Q

what are the patella ligaments in different species

A

carnivores, pigs and small ruminants have 1 patellar ligament whilst horses and oxen have 3

17
Q

what are cruciate ligaments

A

strong bands that cross the tibia, femoro-tibial joint between two synovial sacs. can be cranial or caudal

18
Q

difference between tibia and fibula

A

tibia is long bone whereas fibula is thinner and varies in carnivores

19
Q

outline the arrangement of the tarsal bones

A

tibial fibular

central. (fourth)
1. 2. 3. 4

20
Q

which is the largest tarsal bone

A

fibular

21
Q

name the fibular tarsal bone structure

A

lateral = body which is enlarged to form the tuber calcis, medial = sustentaculium

22
Q

what is the tuber calcis a lever for

A

gastrocnemius, SDF, biceps femoris, semitendinosus