evolution and domestication Flashcards
what is evolution
change in animal species and speciation over time. no mechanism implied
how are animals classified
25 body plans based on cladistics
what is a clade
only valid taxonomic group
what does the clade contain
contains all the descendents of a single ancestral species
what did jean baptise lamarck propose
1809 life experiences alter offspring characteristics
what did charles darwin propose
there is variation in populations, these are inherited stably, natural selection occurs
who proposed a theory at the same time as charles darwin
alfred wallace 1862
how is the clade defined
by one or more shared, derived novel characteristics, inherited from that ancestral species
what data is used for cladism
morphological or molecular characteristics (dna secrets)
4 processes that contributed to domestication
- major change in human lifestyle via agriculture 10,000-8,000BC. 2. occurred several times around the world. 3. importance of settlement, possessions, land ownership, inheritance and farming methods. 4. many species used to be scavengers and attracted by vermin
5 criteria for domestication
- flexible diet 2. rapid growth 3. breed in captivity 4. pleasant calm disposition 5. modifiable social hierarchy
what is the 6 archaeological evidence for domestication
1 no local wild ancestors, 2 skewed sex and age distribution, 3 remains located near settlements, 4 husbandry related tools, 5 artisitc representations and 6 morphology
morphology that gives evidence for domestication
1 smaller 2 richer colours 3 reduced weapony 4 shorter muzzle 5 shorter hair 6 fat deposits 7 smaller brain 8 smaller sense organs 9 neoteny
when did dogs domesticate
15,000-10,000 BC
where did dogs domesticate from
derive from eurasian indian and chinese wolves e.g. tundra wolf
when did sheep domesticate
11,000-9,000 BC
where did the sheep domesticate from
the mouflon in europe/middle east. gradual loss of guard hairs and horns, increase undercoat
when did pigs domesticate
9,000bc
where did pigs domesticate from
wild boar, Eurasia and domesticated in china. dramatic lengthening of body, shortening of limbs, increase in litter size
when did goats domesticate
8,000BC
where did goats domesticate from
bezoar, middle east - browser not grazer.
when did cattle domesticate
8,000BC
where did cattle domesticate from
european breeds descended from AUROCH cooler temperate habitat
when did cats domesticate
8-3,000 BC
where did cats domesticate from
african wild cat, dedicated carnivore
when did chickens domesticate
6,000BC
where did chickens domesticate from
Indian red junglefowl - probably in S.E. Asia
when did donkeys and horses domesticate
5,000 and 4,000 BC
where did the donkey descend from
wild ass - probably NE Africa. desert adapted less social
where did the horse descend from
tarpan - ukraine inhabiting cold and extreme habitats