body wall Flashcards
external abdominal oblique
most superficial, fibres run dorso cranially to ventro caudally
internal abdominal oblique
fibres run dorsocaudally to ventro cranially
transversus abdominis
deep layer running dorso lat to ventro medially
rectus abdominis
ventral midline, runs in cranio caudal direction, forms six pack, adjacent to sternum and prepubic tendon
what composes the abdominal cavity
diaphragm, sternum, caudal ribs, pelvis, lumbar vertebrae and fascia
what are the abdominal muscles
form muscular bag containing viscera, 3 make up lateral wall and 3 concentric muscular cylinders. they are like aponeurosis as they insert on the linea alba
Advantage of linea alba approach surgically
tendonous so has less blood supply than muscle, all muscles insert here so only have to cut through one structure
what are peritoneal membranes
single cell thickness serous membranes, space between two membranes is a peritoneal cavity, gives a glistening shine
what are peritoneal membranes derived from
lateral plate mesoderm,
what do peritoneal membranes produce
peritoneal fluid which lubricates movement to reduce friction.
what ar the two types of peritoneal membranes
parietal which lines abdominal cavity, and visceral which lines abdominal organs
what is the paralumbar fossa
concave region between last rib, tubar coxae and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae giving incision site for standing surgery in cows
what are epigastrics
caudal superficial epigastric vein = milk vein in cattle which increases blood pressure
name the blood supply to the abdominal muscles
left phrenico abdominal a, left deep circumflex iliac a, left caudal epigastrics aa, left cranial epigastrics aa (deep and superficial).
role of abdominal muscles
1 static-supportive, 2 dynamic movement e.g. spinal flexion when rectus abdominus contacts, respiratory forced expiration, coughing, defaecation ect
equine abdominal wall
substantial aponeurosis, supportive role, well developed tunica flavia, clinical diagnosis - cleave line indicates respiratory problem, muscles hypertrophy produces step like appearance between muscle and aponeurosis in EAO
what is tunica flavia
deep fascia elastic sheet covering EAO and its aponeurosis
which muscle layer has an aponeurosis
EAO
what is an L block
used for deading nerves running through T13 to L3, not as good as analgesia, more local is needed
where do spinal nerves exit
they come out between lumbar vertebrae transverse processes
what is paravertebral anesthesia
local anaesthetic introduced around area of nerve root, needle inserted 5cm from midline between transverse processes
what nerves are deaded for general labrarotomy procedures
t13,l1 and l2
what nerves are deaded for caesarian
l1,2,3
what are the passageways through the abdominal wall
femoral canal and inguinal cavity
what do the passageways allow
passage of structures to or from the abdominal cavity to more superficial sites,
what runs through the femoral canal
psoas major muscle, femoral artery, vein and nerve. there is also the inguinal ligament
inguinal ligament
thickened caudal border of EAO
where is the femoral canal
border of EAO muscle, not covered by the muscle, runs infront of the pelvis by the ileum
what structures pass through the inguinal canal
genitofemoral nerve, external pudenal artery and vein, caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein
what is the course of the inguinal canal
deep inguinal ring=deep abdominal fasica at caudal border of TA, superficial inguinal ring=slit in aponeurosis of EAO. the inguinal canal lies between these two rings
