body wall Flashcards

1
Q

external abdominal oblique

A

most superficial, fibres run dorso cranially to ventro caudally

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2
Q

internal abdominal oblique

A

fibres run dorsocaudally to ventro cranially

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3
Q

transversus abdominis

A

deep layer running dorso lat to ventro medially

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4
Q

rectus abdominis

A

ventral midline, runs in cranio caudal direction, forms six pack, adjacent to sternum and prepubic tendon

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5
Q

what composes the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm, sternum, caudal ribs, pelvis, lumbar vertebrae and fascia

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6
Q

what are the abdominal muscles

A

form muscular bag containing viscera, 3 make up lateral wall and 3 concentric muscular cylinders. they are like aponeurosis as they insert on the linea alba

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7
Q

Advantage of linea alba approach surgically

A

tendonous so has less blood supply than muscle, all muscles insert here so only have to cut through one structure

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8
Q

what are peritoneal membranes

A

single cell thickness serous membranes, space between two membranes is a peritoneal cavity, gives a glistening shine

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9
Q

what are peritoneal membranes derived from

A

lateral plate mesoderm,

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10
Q

what do peritoneal membranes produce

A

peritoneal fluid which lubricates movement to reduce friction.

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11
Q

what ar the two types of peritoneal membranes

A

parietal which lines abdominal cavity, and visceral which lines abdominal organs

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12
Q

what is the paralumbar fossa

A

concave region between last rib, tubar coxae and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae giving incision site for standing surgery in cows

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13
Q

what are epigastrics

A

caudal superficial epigastric vein = milk vein in cattle which increases blood pressure

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14
Q

name the blood supply to the abdominal muscles

A

left phrenico abdominal a, left deep circumflex iliac a, left caudal epigastrics aa, left cranial epigastrics aa (deep and superficial).

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15
Q

role of abdominal muscles

A

1 static-supportive, 2 dynamic movement e.g. spinal flexion when rectus abdominus contacts, respiratory forced expiration, coughing, defaecation ect

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16
Q

equine abdominal wall

A

substantial aponeurosis, supportive role, well developed tunica flavia, clinical diagnosis - cleave line indicates respiratory problem, muscles hypertrophy produces step like appearance between muscle and aponeurosis in EAO

17
Q

what is tunica flavia

A

deep fascia elastic sheet covering EAO and its aponeurosis

18
Q

which muscle layer has an aponeurosis

19
Q

what is an L block

A

used for deading nerves running through T13 to L3, not as good as analgesia, more local is needed

20
Q

where do spinal nerves exit

A

they come out between lumbar vertebrae transverse processes

21
Q

what is paravertebral anesthesia

A

local anaesthetic introduced around area of nerve root, needle inserted 5cm from midline between transverse processes

22
Q

what nerves are deaded for general labrarotomy procedures

A

t13,l1 and l2

23
Q

what nerves are deaded for caesarian

24
Q

what are the passageways through the abdominal wall

A

femoral canal and inguinal cavity

25
what do the passageways allow
passage of structures to or from the abdominal cavity to more superficial sites,
26
what runs through the femoral canal
psoas major muscle, femoral artery, vein and nerve. there is also the inguinal ligament
27
inguinal ligament
thickened caudal border of EAO
28
where is the femoral canal
border of EAO muscle, not covered by the muscle, runs infront of the pelvis by the ileum
29
what structures pass through the inguinal canal
genitofemoral nerve, external pudenal artery and vein, caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein
30
what is the course of the inguinal canal
deep inguinal ring=deep abdominal fasica at caudal border of TA, superficial inguinal ring=slit in aponeurosis of EAO. the inguinal canal lies between these two rings