forelimb design

Question 1

what is the truncobrachial junction

Answer 1

the attachment of the forelimb to the body with no bony articulation, the thorax is slung between the forelimbs.

Question 2

which muscle attaches the thorax to the limb and controls the movement of the thorax

Answer 2

serratus ventralis

Question 3

what is the shoulder joint

Answer 3

ball and socket joint, little movement other than flexion and extension hence effectively HINGE joint

Question 4

does the shoulder joint have collateral ligaments

Answer 4

no, instead it is supported by muscles called ligamentar muscles

Question 5

what is the elbow joint

Answer 5

hinge joint which movement restricted to flexion and extension

Question 6

what is the carpus composed of 3

Answer 6

1 antebrachiocarpal, 2 intercarpal joint, 3 carpometacarpal

Question 7

what is the antebrachiocarpal joint

Answer 7

(radiocarpal in the horse) an untypical hinge joint, has the greatest range of motion

Question 8

what is the intercarpal joint

Answer 8

untypical hinge joint with significantly less range of motion

Question 9

what carpometacarpal joint

Answer 9

a gliding joint that shows little movement

Question 10

what is the proximal row of carpals

Answer 10

radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory

Question 11

what is the distal row of carpals

Answer 11

first, second, third, fourth

Question 12

which species has all 8 carpals with the first carpal bone v small

Answer 12

pig

Question 13

which species has all 8 present but the first carpal missing or v small

Answer 13

horse

Question 14

what do the carpal bones of the carnivore look like

Answer 14

radial and intermediate fused

Question 15

what does the ox carpal bones have

Answer 15

first carpal bone absent, second and third fused

Question 16

in which species are the ulnar and radius fused

Answer 16

horse and ruminants

Question 17

which species have reduction of first digit

Answer 17

dog and cat

Question 18

what are the digits like in the pig

Answer 18

first digit absent, second and fifth smaller than third and fourth

Question 19

what are the digits of the ruminants

Answer 19

first and second digits absent, third and fourth digit share a common metacarpal bone. fifth digit is TINY

Question 20

which species has the first and fifth digit absent, second and fourth reduced and small

Answer 20

horse

Question 21

in an ox describe the metacarpals

Answer 21

3 and 4 are fused

Question 22

what do the metacarpals in the horse look like

Answer 22

only 3 is left cannon bone

Question 23

the horse carpus is known as the…..

Answer 23

knee

Question 24

the horse metacarpal-phalangeal joint….

Answer 24

fetlock

Question 25

the horse region between fetlock and hoof….

Answer 25

pastern