muscle and tendon Flashcards

1
Q

types of muscle

A

skeletal striated, cardiac striated, smooth muscle non striated

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2
Q

what are intrinsic muscles

A

often pennate, strong, little range, lots of leverage

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3
Q

what are extrinsic muscles

A

often strap since no leverage available

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4
Q

name some muscles

A

strap, pennate, bipennate, oblique, spiral, diagastric, multi head, constrictor, dilator

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5
Q

which muscles have great range of movements

A

strap

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6
Q

which muscles have greatest force

A

pennate

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7
Q

which has a lower range

A

bipennate

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8
Q

what is a agonist

A

prime mover, concentrically active

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9
Q

what is an antagonist

A

eccentrically active, less strong

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10
Q

what are the features of antagonist

A

muscles cannot push, often action must be actively reversed, control of smooth muscle

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11
Q

what is a synergist

A

prevents others being impaired

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12
Q

features of synergist muscle

A

capsular by stabilising joint capsule or ligamentar by constraining movement

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13
Q

what is monoarticular muscle

A

crosses over one joint only e.g. brachialis

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14
Q

what is polyarticular muscle

A

crosses over two or more joints e.g. digit extensor

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15
Q

what is the importance of skeletal muscle 4

A

1 posture and locomotion, 2 controlling body cavities and orifices, 3 venous and lymphatic return 4 food

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16
Q

what is a fascicle

A

many muscle fibres

17
Q

what does one muscle fibre contain

A

1 multinucleate syncytinum which has many intracellular, longitudinal myofibrils each divided into repeating transverse sarcomeres

18
Q

what determines range of contraction

A

number of sarcomeres in series

19
Q

what determines force of contraction

A

number of myofibrils in parallel

20
Q

epimysium

A

connective tissue outside of muscle

21
Q

perimysium

A

connective tissue divides muscle into tube, surrounds a fasicle

22
Q

endomysium

A

further divides the tubes

23
Q

what are fascicle funnels

A

muscles contained in fixed volume enabling venous and lymphatic return, diverts semi sharp trauma if muscles are contracted to prevent injury

24
Q

what is torque

A

ability of a force to cause rotation of a mass about a pivot

25
2 formulae for torque
t = force x perpendicular d from pivot or t = movement of inertia x angular acceleration
26
what is torque measured in
newton metre
27
the ability of a muscle to turn a limb around the pivot of the joint is dependent on 3 things...
1 the force it exerts 2 perpendicular distance 3 must be able to act against the weight or inertia of the limb
28
what are tendons
strong fibrous continuation of the epi peri and endo mysia at the ends of the muscle, they are collagenous
29
what are the two categories of tendons
funicular (chord) or aponeurotic (broad sheet like)
30
what are the 3 main functions of tendons
1 direct muscular force (telegraph, focus, distribute). 2 store and release elastic energy. 3 absorb sudden force
31
what are the 3 accessory sheath structures of tendons
1 areola fibrous tissue sleeve like peritendon. 2 synovial bursa fluid between bone and tendon. 3 synovial sheath fluid wraps around mesotendon
32
what is the retinacula
ring like angular ligaments that decrease the perpendicular distance and decrease torque
33
what is the scuta
fibrocartilage sheet, smooth resilient surface to shield underlying tissues
34
what are sesamoid bones
form in tendons to prevent flattening from force of tendon, reduce friction from between bones
35
do sesamoid bones increase or decrease torque
increase, they increase the perpendicular distance form the pivot