Sketchy Path: Dilated and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What causes dilated cardiomyopathy in most cases?

A
  • Over 90% of cases are idiopathic. (Think of the “IDIOt” sign taped to the guy in the dilated heart sack.)
  • Viral myocarditis –Coxsackie in particular (think of the inflamed heart sack in the back… it was set on fire by the viral lanterns).
  • T. cruzi (like the sCottisH gAmeS)
  • Genetic causes (like the kid with the genetic pedigree on his shirt)
  • Toxins (box o rubies)
  • Pregnancy (pregnant girl in sack)
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2
Q

DCM leads to _____-stolic heart failure.

A

sys (like the floppy heart balloon and the systolic ejection bottle)

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3
Q

Most DCM occurs on which side of the heart?

A

It’s actually most often bilateral (which is why the floppy heart balloon is symmetrically deflated).

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4
Q

Genetic causes of DCM are most often through what mode of inheritance?

A

Autosomal dominant (like the kid’s DOMINant DOMINo)

Note: Duchenne’s and Becker can also cause DCM and are XLR. (like the clans Duchenne and Becker)

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5
Q

Genetic defects in which proteins most often cause DCM?

A

Cytoskeletal or intercellular proteins (like the cytoskeletal pattern on his sack)

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6
Q

What toxins can cause DCM?

A
  • Doxorubicin / daunorubicin (like the bOX O’ RUBIes)

* Alcohol (like the kid drinking from the wine skin)

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7
Q

What nutrient deficiency can cause DCM?

A

Thiamine deficiency

Wet beriberi presents with heart failure.

(Think of the cup of blue BERries.)

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8
Q

How does iron affect the myocardium?

A

It can lead to either DCM or restrictive CM (like the guy in the sack that’s held down with an iron weight –it’s both dilated and restrictive)

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9
Q

DCM can lead to what heart sound?

A

S3 (like the S3 slushie)

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10
Q

What complication of DCM is shown on the brick wall?

A

Mural thromboemboli (like the emboli birds)

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11
Q

In a nutshell, what causes restrictive cardiomyopathies?

A

Something infiltrating the heart muscles and preventing their stretching

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12
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathies lead to what kind of heart failure?

A

Diastolic (like the princess with her diastolic diamonds getting hit by the restrictive net –notice that she’s having trouble FILLING her cups, just like how restrictive CM causes filling defects)

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13
Q

What heart sounds are present in restrictive CM?

A

S4 (like the stiff, 4-shaped chair by the goal)

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14
Q

What sign will restrictive CM show on jugular venous pressure tracings?

A

A rapid Y descent (like the falling Y-shaped martini glass)

This occurs because the stiff myocardium springs back open and speeds ventricular relaxation which is what the Y wave represents.

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15
Q

Restrictive CM, just like right-heart failure, can cause the _____________ sign.

A

Kussmaul (like the Scotsmen with the COOkie SMeLL)

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16
Q

What can cause restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Amyloidosis (like AMY with her beta-pleated skirt)
  • Sarcoidosis (like the multinucleated soccer balls in the net)
  • Hemochromatosis (guy throwing iron by net)
  • Lysosomal storage disorders like Fabry and Pompe (like the guy lifting the storage trash truck)
  • Scleroderma (like the scleroderma dragon)
  • Radiation (like the radiation shield thrown down by Amy)
  • Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (like the tropical bamboo pole held by the dude)