Q Banks: Week of 03/27/17 Flashcards
A question describes a young girl with aplastic anemia. How could you decide whether the etiology is idiopathic or related to a previous Parvovirus infection?
Parvovirus infection only causes aplastic anemia in those with underlying hematologic issues such as sickle cell (remember the USSR sickle on the plane bombing the bone in the Sketchy scene!). Thus, if the girl has no known hematologic problems, then the cause is likely idiopathic.
Genetic absence of ____________ leads to inability to digest proteins or fats.
enteropeptidase
This enzyme cleaves trypsin and initiates the enzymatic cascade. Thus, without it none of the pancreatic enzymes would be activated.
Hydatid cysts present with what kind of capsule?
“Eggshell” calcifications (like the egg award in the Sketchy scene)
The locus ceruleus secretes _____________ to maintain alertness.
norepinephrine
The red nucleus is a go-between for the _________________.
cerebellum and cortex; it helps to coordinate movement
The nucleus of Meynert is involved in which disease?
Alzheimer’s
Just think that your MEmorY will be iNERT if you don’t have acetylcholine from your MEYNERT nucleus.
Which nuclei do SSRIs target?
The nuclei of Raphe in the brainstem
Remember that RAPHaEl was the most depressed TNMT, so of course you’d want a drug to target the nucleus of Raphe.
In a CT at the level of the heart, what structure is immediately posterior to the SVC?
The arch of the azygos vein
If a male has an exceptionally full bladder, you may see the bladder on a CT in which location?
Anterior to the prostate!
Why do PPIs cause osteoporosis?
Calcium absorption requires an acid environment in the stomach
Why do antiepileptics cause fractures?
Phenytoin and carbamazepine upregulate CYP450 which degrades vitamin D.
Where are pudendal nerve blocks supposed to be injected?
Medial to the sacrospinous ligament (near the sacral ganglia)
In those with CF, more ___________ is absorbed by the respiratory epithelium.
sodium
Without being able to secrete chloride, the transmembrane potential is much more negative. Thus, sodium in the mucus is pulled in. This makes the mucus even thicker.
When does multicystic dysplastic kidney present?
At birth
List three types of non-neoplastic polyps.
- Hyperplastic
- Lymphoid (bulges caused by underlying lymph proliferation)
- Hamartomatous
Important: hyperplastic polyps DO NOT carry risk of malignant transformation!
Measles and rubella have similar presentations. How can you distinguish the two?
•Rubella:
- The rash does not coalesce. It remains as a lacy network.
- Auricular lymphadenopathy particularly common.
- Rash spreads fast
•Measles:
- Rash often coalesces to become solid (red dress in Sketchy scene).
- The C’s: conjunctivitis, coryza, cough, Koplik’s spots.
True or false: the MYC genes are tumor suppressors.
False. They are oncogenes. Remember how Burkitt lymphoma presents with amplification of MYC.
NK cells express CD16 and CD____.
56
Penicillin is structurally similar to what bacterial component?
D-ala-D-ala
This is tricky: Vancomycin binds directly to D-ala-D-ala and prevents elongation. Penicillin binds to the transpeptidase protein in the spot that would bind D-ala-D-ala and crosslink the strands.
What is uterine atony?
The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, uterine atony is the failure of the uterus to contract after labor. Most often it can be treated with uterine massage or agents that stimulate uterine contraction.
How is chylomicronemia different from dysbetalipoproteinemia?
- Chylomicronemia presents with elevated chylomicrons only. It results from defects in lipoprotein lipase or C-II.
- Dysbetalipoproteinemia presents with elevated chylomicrons and VLDL. It results from defective apoE.
Why, again, does C1 esterase deficiency cause edema?
Kallikrein converts kininogen to bradykinin. C1 esterase normally degrades kallikrein. Without C1 esterase, excess levels of kininogen build up.
SSPE can present with what neurologic signs?
Ataxia and myoclonus
The ototoxicity of furosemide can present as tinnitus or _____________.
hearing loss