Skeleton

Question 1

What are the 3 purposes of the skeleton

Answer 1

Provide a supporting framework for body - structure
Protect soft structure inside body (vital organs) - protection
Bring about movement due to muscles being attached to skeleton - movement

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of the skeleton

Answer 2

Axial skeleton - skull, spine, ribs and sternum
Appendicular skeleton - limbs
Splanchnic skeleton - os penis (cat/dog)

Question 3

What does the axial skeleton include

Answer 3

Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum
Skull

Question 4

Vertebral group names

Answer 4

Cervical (neck part of spine)
Thoracic (thoracic cavity region of spine)
Lumbar (back part of spine)
Sacral (top of tail fused together - sacrum one large bone)
Coccygeal (tail part of spine - coccyx)

Question 5

What is significant about coccygeal

Answer 5

Varys in number for different length tails

Question 6

Appendicular forelimb bones top to bottom

Answer 6

Scapula, humerus, olecranon, ulna (starts at back of leg), radius, sesamoids, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 7

Appendicular hind limb from top to bottom

Answer 7

Pelvis, femur, patella (knee cap), fibula (starts at the back), tibia, tarsal, metatarsals, sesamoids, phalanges.

Question 8

What are sesamoids

Answer 8

Tiny bones at back /behind limbs or joints in the carpus region. Partially attached to tendons to support the joint tendon

Question 9

Which is the largest sesamoid

Answer 9

Patella - knee cap

Question 10

Significance of the clavicle

Answer 10

Only birds have them known as the wishbone. Other animals don’t need them as the scapula is attached to the thoracic cavity via muscle so no need for the clavicle

Question 11

Horse appendicular skeleton clockwise starting from skull

Answer 11

Skull, atlas, scapula, pelvis, femur, patella, fibula + tibia (fused distally), cacaneous (hock), tarsus, metatarsal bone 3 (cannon bone), proximal sesamoid on back of fetlock, proximal phalanx (long pastern), middle phalanx (short pastern), distal phalanx (coffin bone), distal sesamoid (navicular bone), proximal sesamoid, metacarpus, carpus, accessory carpal bone, radius +ulna (fused), olecranon, sternum, humerus, rib, mandible (jaw),

Question 12

Bird skeleton clockwise from skull

Answer 12

Skull, humerus, radius, ulna, fused thoracic vertebrae (notarium), rib, pelvic bones, femur, fibula, tibia, metatarsus, sternum (keel), clavicle (wishbone), cervical vertebrae.

Question 13

Significance of phalanges in birds

Answer 13

Fused together

Question 14

Why do birds have clavicles

Answer 14

Gives wing muscles more strength during flights as the clavicle is attached to them.