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Clinical Anatomy > Anatomical Planes > Flashcards

Anatomical Planes Flashcards

1
Q

How many planes are there and what are they

A

4 - median, Sagittal, dorsal, transverse

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2
Q

Median Plane

A

A line which divides the body along the mid line into left and right halves.

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3
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Any line parallel to median plane. Thing double tt double ll.

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4
Q

Dorsal/frontal plane

A

Parallel to the back of the animal

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5
Q

Transverse plane

A

Perpendicular to the long axis of the animal. Think disc shaped slices.

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6
Q

What makes species exotic

A

Foreign, non native, strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating, far removed from their natural habitat and placed in an artificial one.

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7
Q

Some exotic species

A

Amphibians, avian, small mammals, reptiles.

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8
Q

Dog/cat land marks starting from forehead clockwise

A

Forehead, stop, muzzle, nose, mouth, flew, throat, shoulder, point of shoulder, brisket, elbow, forearm/forelimb, carpus, metacarpus, digit, belly, stifle, metatarsus, tarsus/hock, rump, tail, hip, croup, loin, flank, back, withers (not mentioned in cats), ruff, crest, ear.

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9
Q

Equine landmark clockwise starting with forehead

A

Forehead, poll, nuchal crest, shoulder, withers, back, loin, flank, croup, point of hip, dock, tail, stifle, gaskin, hock, cannon, fetlock, pastern, coronet, hoof, barrel, chestnut, ergot, heel, knee, forearm, elbow, throat latch, chin groove, muzzle.

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10
Q

Poll

A

Top of head between ears

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11
Q

Nuchal crest

A

Nuchal ligament running underneath crest

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12
Q

Withers

A

Highest point on back due to spinal processes

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13
Q

Flew

A

Jowl/ lip

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14
Q

Brisket

A

Chest area

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15
Q

Carpus

A

Like carpals/wrist therefore front limbs

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16
Q

Stifle

A

Knee

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17
Q

Tarsus

A

Like tarsals/ankle/hock

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18
Q

Rump

A

Bottom of bum

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19
Q

Croup

A

Top of the bum

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20
Q

Loin

A

Waist area

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21
Q

Dock

A

Boney part of tail

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22
Q

Tail

A

Also can be called the skirt

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23
Q

Gaskin

A

Meaty part of hind legs between stifle and hock

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24
Q

Cannon

A

Middle metatarsal only have 1. Humans have 5

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25
Q

Fetlock

A

Essentially the nuckles

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26
Q

Ergot and chestnut

A

Hairless growths where previous digits may have been

27
Q

Barrel

A

Belly

28
Q

Where are chestnuts

A

Above the knee on inside of forelegs.
Below the knee on inside of hind legs.

29
Q

Pastern

A

Bones in middle of toe

30
Q

Throat latch

A

Where neck meets head

31
Q

Bird land mark

A

Loris- face skin between eyes and beak

32
Q

Reptile land mark (terrapin)

A

Carapace shell which is the top of the shell.
Plastron shell which is the bottom of the shell.
Scute which are the individual hexagons on shell.

33
Q

Reptile landmarks (iguana)

A

Nuchal crest same name as equine but formed due to external spines/ridges.
Dewlap used for heat exchange, mating, and keeping young warm in rabbits

34
Q

Foot land marks dogs and cats

A

7 footpads on forepaws - 5 digital (1 on dew claw), 1 carpal, 1 metacarpal

5 footpads on hind paws - 4 digital and 1 metatarsal.

35
Q

What are footpads?

A

Pads/fatty lumps of harden skin by protein keratin to protect foot.

36
Q

Foot landmarks for small mammals (guinea pigs)

A

Front feet - 4 digital pads, 1 palmar pad, 1 carpal pad.
Back feet - 3 digital pads, 1 plantar pad, 1 tarsal pad.

Rabbits and gerbils have 5 front digits and 4 hind digits.

Hamsters, mice and rats have 4 front digits and 5 hind digits.

37
Q

External hoof anti-clockwise starting with heel bulb

A

Heel bulb, periople at the heel, heel, quarter, toe, periople, coronary band.

38
Q

Heel bulb

A

Back of the foot

39
Q

Periople at the heel

A

Cuticle of sorts

40
Q

Heel

A

Comes after the periople

41
Q

Quarter

A

Sides of the hoof

42
Q

Toe

A

Front of the hoof

43
Q

Periople

A

Skin that covers newly formed hoof (cuticle)

44
Q

Coronary band

A

Where hoof grows from under the hair

45
Q

External land marks of the hoof

A

Frog, bars, sole, white line, wall.

46
Q

Frog

A

Rubbery wedge shaped structure positioned between bars.

47
Q

Bars

A

2 bars either side of frog on each hoof.

48
Q

Sole

A

Covers the bottom of foot

49
Q

White line

A

Inner connected lamina that is actually yellow.

50
Q

Wall

A

Basic structure like finger and toe nails

51
Q

Function of frog

A

Absorb forces to stop going through bones.

52
Q

Function of bars

A

Strengthen heel area

53
Q

Function of sole

A

Sensitive area not touching the floor providing protection.

54
Q

White line

A

Connects hoof wall onto bone beneath

55
Q

4 parts of the wall of the hoof

A

Sole of foot,
White line (that is yellow)
Inner wall/water line (white)
Outer wall

56
Q

Which species of animal has wings

A

Birds only

57
Q

Which species of animal has a pastern

A

Horse only

58
Q

Which species of animal has a scute.

A

Reptiles

59
Q

Which species of animal has a stifle

A

All but snake

60
Q

Which species of animal has a nuchal crest

A

Horse, and some reptiles (have to have ridges or spines)

61
Q

Which species have digital pads

A

Cat, dog, horse, small mammals (excluding rabbits). In reptiles and birds they have modified versions of digital pads

62
Q

Which species has withers

A

Dog and horse

63
Q

Which species has a carpus

A

All but snake

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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