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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Skeletal System Part II > Flashcards

Skeletal System Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Greater palatine foramen

A

Posterolateral region of horizontal plates

Carries the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels

** landmark for “greater palatine nerve block” to anesthetize the posterior palatal gingiva

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2
Q

What does the “greater palatine nerve block” anesthetize?

A

Posterior palatal gingiva

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3
Q

Lesser palatine foramen

A

Posterior to the greater palatine foramen

Carries the lesser palatine nerve and blood vessels
Innervate s the soft palate and palatine tonsils

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4
Q

Maxilla

A

Paired bone

Body of maxilla has orbital, nasal, infratemporal and facial surfaces

Houses maxillary sinuses which are located over the maxillary premolars and molars

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5
Q

Maxillary process

A

Frontal process
Zygomatic process
Alveolar process

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6
Q

Frontal process of maxilla

A

Forms the medial rim of the orbit and articulates with the frontal, lacrimal and nasal bones

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7
Q

Nerves and veins of the inferior orbital fissure

A

Infraorbital and zygomatic nerves (maxillary division (DII) of trigeminal)
Infraorbital artery
Inferior ophthalmic vein- passes to pterygoid venial plexus

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8
Q

Infraorbital sulcus

A

Groove in the orbital floor of the maxilla

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9
Q

Infraorbital canal

A

Travels from the infraorbital sulcus and terminates at the infraorbital foramen

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10
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Located on the facial surface of the maxilla

Carries the “infraorbital nerve and blood vessels”

Landmark for “infraorbital block”

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11
Q

Canine fossa

A

Elongated depression just posteriosuperior to the roots of the canine

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12
Q

Canine eminence

A

Prominence of alveolar bone over the canine route

Anterior to canine Fossa
Anesthesia landmark for “anterior superior alveolar (ASA) block”

Injection site at height of mucobuccal fold at canine root

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13
Q

Alveolar process (crest) of maxilla

A

Prominent ridge of bone that supports the maxillary teeth

Maxillary alveolar process is less dense than mandible

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14
Q

Zygomatic process of maxilla

A

Articulates with zygomatic bone and forms the infraorbital rim

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15
Q

Frontal process of maxilla

A

Articulates with frontal bone and forms part of the nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

Alveolar process of the maxilla

A

Supports the upper teeth

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17
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

Most posterior aspect of maxillary arch

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18
Q

Posterior superior alveolar foramen

A

Superior to the maxillary tuberosity

Carries the posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve and maxillary blood vessels

Enters the maxilla from the alveolar canal

Landmark for “posterior superior alveolar (PSA) block“

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19
Q

Palatine process of maxilla

A

Forms the anterior 2/3 of the hard palate

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20
Q

Median Palatine suture

A

Junction of the right and left halves of the maxillary palatine processes

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21
Q

Incisive foramen

A

Opening for nasopalatine nerve

Landmark for the “nasopalatine block“. Anesthetize anteriors palatal gingiva canine to canine

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22
Q

Incisive papilla

A

Raised area of gingiva positioned over the incisive foramen

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23
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

Most posterior aspect of the maxilla

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24
Q

Mandible

A

Single bone — only movable bone of the skull and the strongest and largest facial bone

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25
Mental protuberance
Prominence of the chin
26
Mandibular Symphysis
Faint ridge, marks fusion of the right and left halves of the mandible
27
Mental foramen
Bilateral openings for mental nerve and blood vessels to exit the mandible Located between the apices of the first and second mandibular premolars Anesthesia landmark for “mental incisive block“ to anesthetize canine, lateral and central incisor, along with associated facial gingiva
28
Body of the mandible
Heavy horizontal portion of the mandible
29
Alveolar process/ridge/crest of mandible
Ridge of bone that supports the mandibular teeth, found on the superior edge of the body of the mandible
30
Ramus
Vertical portion of the mandible (posterior portion)
31
Coronoid process
Anterior process of the ramus (first projection)
32
Coronoid notch
Concave curve found on the anterior border of the ramus Landmark for the “inferior alveolar block” (Front of coronoid process, behind retromolar pad)
33
External oblique line/Ridge
Inferior to the coronoid notch, crest on anterior border of the ramus where the ramus and mandibular body meet
34
Angle of the mandible
Posterior border of the body of the mandible
35
Mandibular notch
Depression between the coronoid process and condyle
36
Pterygoid fovea
Depressed area anterior and inferior to the condyle of the mandible
37
Condyle
Posterior process of the ramus, thicker than the coronoid process Condyle has an oval shaped head that articulates with the temporal bone forming the temporomandibular joint
38
Genial tubercles or mental spine
At midline, cluster of small projections, muscle attachment for geniohyoid muscle
39
Lingual foramen
Opening for the lingual nerve and blood vessels
40
Digastric fossa
Position of attachment for anterior belly of the digastric muscle
41
Retromolar fossa/triangle
Bilateral, bony landmark on the lateral edge of the alveolar ridge just distal of the last mandibular molar, retromolar pad fills this area
42
Mylohyoid line/Ridge
Aka Internal oblique line Extends posteriorly and superiorly across the inner surface of the body of the mandible, becoming more prominent as it ascends; point of muscle attachment for mylohyoid muscle
43
Sub mandibular Fossa
Posterior and inferior to the mylohyoid line, contains the submandibular salivary gland
44
Sublingual fossa
Anterior and superior to the mylohyoid line, contains the sublingual gland
45
Mandibular foramen
Central opening of the mandibular Canal, found near the middle of the medial surface of the ramus
46
Mandibular canal
Carries inferior alveolar nerves and blood vessels
47
Lingula
flange of bone which overhangs the mandibular foramen
48
Mylohyoid groove
Passes anteriorly and inferiorly from the mandibular foramen
49
Articulating surface of the condyle
Roughened area on the upper anterior part of the mandibular condyle
50
Paranasal sinuses
4 pairs Air filled cavities in cranial and facial bones that communicate with the nasal cavity through the Ostia in the lateral nasal wall (ethmoid conchae & inferior nasal conchae)
51
Function of the paranasal sinuses
Lighten the skull Warm the inhaled air Provide mucus secretions for the nasal cavity Act as sound resonators
52
Frontal sinuses
Located bilaterally in the frontal bone, superior to the nasal cavity Asymmetrically shaped Frontonasal duct drains via the frontal sinus ostia into the middle nasal meatus along the hiatus semilunaris
53
Sphenoid sinuses
Located bilaterally in the body of the sphenoid bone Often asymmetrical Drains via sphenoid all aperture‘s into the superior nasal meatus along The spheno-ethmoidal recess
54
Ethmoid sinuses
Located bilaterally in the ethmoid bone 3 divisions (anterior, middle, posterior) Small cavities of varying sizes
55
Drainage of the anterior ethmoid sinus
Via anterior ethmoidal Ostia into the middle nasal meatus above the hiatus semilunaris
56
Drainage of the middle ethmoid sinus
Via middle ethmoidal Ostia into the middle nasal meatus above the bulla ethmoidalis
57
Drainage of the posterior ethmoid sinus
Via posterior ethmoidal Ostia into the superior nasal meatus along The spheno-ethmoidal recess
58
Maxillary sinuses
Largest of the paranasal sinuses and significant to dentistry Located bilaterally in body of the maxilla, just superior and posterior to the maxillary pre-molars and extending over the maxillary molars Size varies to the individual and their age Drain via maxillary ostia into the middle nasal meatus along the hiatus semilunaris
59
Primary sinusitis
Congestion and inflammation caused by allergies and infection Symptoms- headache, foul smelling/tasting nasal drainage, fever and weakness Serious complications – Spread of infection to ethmoid and sphenoid = close proximity to the cavernous sinus and optic nerve
60
Blockage of the ostia
Prevents normal Eric’s change and drainage; may require surgery to enlarge the ostia openings to restore function Chronic maxillary sinusitis is common; ostia is superior to the floor of the sinus cavity, this may also require surgery
61
Secondary sinusitis
Inflammation from another source, an infection or trauma associated with a posterior maxillary tooth; such as a periapical and/or periodontal infection or surgical trauma
62
Sinus perforation
Hole in the wall of the sinus, can occur with an infection or a surgical complication of an extraction or sinus lift. Requires additional surgery to repair
63
Dental pain
Sinus infections can cause tooth pain, due to pressure from the infected sinus on the apical periodontium of the tooth No decay or abscess
64
Aging and tooth loss
Affect the maxillary sinuses Maxillary sinuses enlarge with aging, may surround the roots of the posterior maxillary teeth and extend into the body of the zygomatic bone Loss of the posterior maxillary teeth allows the maxillary sinus to expand further resorbing the alveolar process to a thin shell
65
Hyoid bone
Suspended horizontally on the neck. No bone articulations Posteriorly suspended from the styloid processes of the Stylohyoid ligament Anteriorly suspended from the thyroid cartilage by the thyrohyoid membrane
66
Function of the hyoid bone
Formed the base of the tongue and larynx and serves for many muscle attachments Mobility aids in mastication, swallowing and phonation
67
Components of the higher the phone
5 parts ``` Body Greater Cornu (horns,2) Lesser Cornu (horns,2) ```
68
Oral Tori
Bony enlargements Found on: the median Palatine Raphe, just inferior to mandibular premolars or on the facial and buccal aspects of the alveolar process
69
Facial bone fractures
Affect several bones and soft tissues due to the many articulation and close Association of soft tissues
70
Frontal bone fracture
May affect the forehead and eyes
71
Temporomandibular joint
Bilateral joint Located between the temporal bone and mandible found just anterior to the tragus of the ear Enables the mandible to move during phonation and mastication Innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
72
Movements of the temporomandibular joint
Rotational- A long transverse access, allows the mandible to open and close Gliding- Along an incline plane, allows the mandible to move forward and backward Combination movements- Allows for the finer movements needed for opening closing and shifting during speech and mastication Power stroke- Movement is utilized during mastication when the teeth crush food
73
Articular eminence of the Temporal bone
Round, raised bony structure, stop point for the moving mandibular condyle
74
Articular Fossa (mandibular/Glenoid)
Depression where mandibular condyle articulates
75
Postglenoid process
Sharp Ridge, just posterior to articular Fossa
76
Articulating surface of the condyle
Head of the condyles, superior surface
77
Joint capsule
Completely encloses the TMJ Superiorly covering the articular eminence and articular fossa Inferiorly covering the mandibular condyles onto the neck of the condyles
78
Articular disc (meniscus of the TMJ)
Biconcave desk located in the capsule between the temporal bone and mandibular condyles
79
Synovial cavities
Divided by articular desk into upper synovial cavity and lower synovial cavity
80
Synovial fluid
Lubricates the joint, fills the synovial cavities Secretions are produced by membrane lining the synovial cavities
81
TMJ ligaments
Form from bands of fibrous connective tissue Temporomandibular ligament Stylomandibular ligament Sphenoidmandibular ligament
82
Temporomandibular ligament
Located on the lateral sides of each joint, extends from the posterior surface of the neck of the condyle to the zygomatic arch Functions in reinforcement of the joint capsule and prevents excessive retraction of mandible
83
Stylomandibular ligament
Located on the posteriomedial surface of the ramus, extends from the styloid process of temporal bone to the angle of the mandible Prevents the mandible from protruding too far
84
Sphenoidmandibular ligament
Located on the medial side of the ramus, extends from the angular spine of the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandibular foramen Prevents the mandible from protruding too far
85
TMJ dysfunction (TMD)
Acute or chronic joint tenderness, swelling, muscle spasms, limited or deviated opening of the mandible referred pain to the head and neck region: ears, neck, shoulders etc.
86
Causes of TMD
Clenching and bruxism, malocclusion‘s, posterior bite collapse, trauma
87
Treatment of TMD
Diagnosis through head and neck exam with palpation of the TMJ and MRI Treatment uses relaxation therapy, stress management to consciously control clenching and grinding OTC pain control, RX pain control and/or RX muscle relaxants. Orthodontic correction of malocclusion, replacement of missing posterior teeth, night/occlusal guard
88
TMJ sounds
Disc displacement, posterior portion of the disc gets caught between the head of the condyle and the articular eminence Popping, clicking, grinding
89
Subluxation or partial dislocation of both TMJ joints
Patient cannot close the mandible Condyles have moved too far forward on to the articular eminence Clinic chairside, have patient illicit their gag reflex, this may help to spontaneously reduce jaw dislocation

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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