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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Skeletal System Part II > Flashcards

Skeletal System Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Greater palatine foramen

A

Posterolateral region of horizontal plates

Carries the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels

** landmark for “greater palatine nerve block” to anesthetize the posterior palatal gingiva

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2
Q

What does the “greater palatine nerve block” anesthetize?

A

Posterior palatal gingiva

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3
Q

Lesser palatine foramen

A

Posterior to the greater palatine foramen

Carries the lesser palatine nerve and blood vessels
Innervate s the soft palate and palatine tonsils

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4
Q

Maxilla

A

Paired bone

Body of maxilla has orbital, nasal, infratemporal and facial surfaces

Houses maxillary sinuses which are located over the maxillary premolars and molars

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5
Q

Maxillary process

A

Frontal process
Zygomatic process
Alveolar process

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6
Q

Frontal process of maxilla

A

Forms the medial rim of the orbit and articulates with the frontal, lacrimal and nasal bones

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7
Q

Nerves and veins of the inferior orbital fissure

A

Infraorbital and zygomatic nerves (maxillary division (DII) of trigeminal)
Infraorbital artery
Inferior ophthalmic vein- passes to pterygoid venial plexus

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8
Q

Infraorbital sulcus

A

Groove in the orbital floor of the maxilla

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9
Q

Infraorbital canal

A

Travels from the infraorbital sulcus and terminates at the infraorbital foramen

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10
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Located on the facial surface of the maxilla

Carries the “infraorbital nerve and blood vessels”

Landmark for “infraorbital block”

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11
Q

Canine fossa

A

Elongated depression just posteriosuperior to the roots of the canine

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12
Q

Canine eminence

A

Prominence of alveolar bone over the canine route

Anterior to canine Fossa
Anesthesia landmark for “anterior superior alveolar (ASA) block”

Injection site at height of mucobuccal fold at canine root

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13
Q

Alveolar process (crest) of maxilla

A

Prominent ridge of bone that supports the maxillary teeth

Maxillary alveolar process is less dense than mandible

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14
Q

Zygomatic process of maxilla

A

Articulates with zygomatic bone and forms the infraorbital rim

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15
Q

Frontal process of maxilla

A

Articulates with frontal bone and forms part of the nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

Alveolar process of the maxilla

A

Supports the upper teeth

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17
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

Most posterior aspect of maxillary arch

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18
Q

Posterior superior alveolar foramen

A

Superior to the maxillary tuberosity

Carries the posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve and maxillary blood vessels

Enters the maxilla from the alveolar canal

Landmark for “posterior superior alveolar (PSA) block“

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19
Q

Palatine process of maxilla

A

Forms the anterior 2/3 of the hard palate

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20
Q

Median Palatine suture

A

Junction of the right and left halves of the maxillary palatine processes

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21
Q

Incisive foramen

A

Opening for nasopalatine nerve

Landmark for the “nasopalatine block“. Anesthetize anteriors palatal gingiva canine to canine

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22
Q

Incisive papilla

A

Raised area of gingiva positioned over the incisive foramen

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23
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

Most posterior aspect of the maxilla

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24
Q

Mandible

A

Single bone — only movable bone of the skull and the strongest and largest facial bone

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25
Q

Mental protuberance

A

Prominence of the chin

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26
Q

Mandibular Symphysis

A

Faint ridge, marks fusion of the right and left halves of the mandible

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27
Q

Mental foramen

A

Bilateral openings for mental nerve and blood vessels to exit the mandible

Located between the apices of the first and second mandibular premolars

Anesthesia landmark for “mental incisive block“ to anesthetize canine, lateral and central incisor, along with associated facial gingiva

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28
Q

Body of the mandible

A

Heavy horizontal portion of the mandible

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29
Q

Alveolar process/ridge/crest of mandible

A

Ridge of bone that supports the mandibular teeth, found on the superior edge of the body of the mandible

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30
Q

Ramus

A

Vertical portion of the mandible (posterior portion)

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31
Q

Coronoid process

A

Anterior process of the ramus (first projection)

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32
Q

Coronoid notch

A

Concave curve found on the anterior border of the ramus

Landmark for the “inferior alveolar block”

(Front of coronoid process, behind retromolar pad)

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33
Q

External oblique line/Ridge

A

Inferior to the coronoid notch, crest on anterior border of the ramus where the ramus and mandibular body meet

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34
Q

Angle of the mandible

A

Posterior border of the body of the mandible

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35
Q

Mandibular notch

A

Depression between the coronoid process and condyle

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36
Q

Pterygoid fovea

A

Depressed area anterior and inferior to the condyle of the mandible

37
Q

Condyle

A

Posterior process of the ramus, thicker than the coronoid process

Condyle has an oval shaped head that articulates with the temporal bone forming the temporomandibular joint

38
Q

Genial tubercles or mental spine

A

At midline, cluster of small projections, muscle attachment for geniohyoid muscle

39
Q

Lingual foramen

A

Opening for the lingual nerve and blood vessels

40
Q

Digastric fossa

A

Position of attachment for anterior belly of the digastric muscle

41
Q

Retromolar fossa/triangle

A

Bilateral, bony landmark on the lateral edge of the alveolar ridge just distal of the last mandibular molar, retromolar pad fills this area

42
Q

Mylohyoid line/Ridge

A

Aka Internal oblique line

Extends posteriorly and superiorly across the inner surface of the body of the mandible, becoming more prominent as it ascends; point of muscle attachment for mylohyoid muscle

43
Q

Sub mandibular Fossa

A

Posterior and inferior to the mylohyoid line, contains the submandibular salivary gland

44
Q

Sublingual fossa

A

Anterior and superior to the mylohyoid line, contains the sublingual gland

45
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

Central opening of the mandibular Canal, found near the middle of the medial surface of the ramus

46
Q

Mandibular canal

A

Carries inferior alveolar nerves and blood vessels

47
Q

Lingula

A

flange of bone which overhangs the mandibular foramen

48
Q

Mylohyoid groove

A

Passes anteriorly and inferiorly from the mandibular foramen

49
Q

Articulating surface of the condyle

A

Roughened area on the upper anterior part of the mandibular condyle

50
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

4 pairs

Air filled cavities in cranial and facial bones that communicate with the nasal cavity through the Ostia in the lateral nasal wall (ethmoid conchae & inferior nasal conchae)

51
Q

Function of the paranasal sinuses

A

Lighten the skull
Warm the inhaled air
Provide mucus secretions for the nasal cavity
Act as sound resonators

52
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Located bilaterally in the frontal bone, superior to the nasal cavity

Asymmetrically shaped

Frontonasal duct drains via the frontal sinus ostia into the middle nasal meatus along the hiatus semilunaris

53
Q

Sphenoid sinuses

A

Located bilaterally in the body of the sphenoid bone

Often asymmetrical

Drains via sphenoid all aperture‘s into the superior nasal meatus along The spheno-ethmoidal recess

54
Q

Ethmoid sinuses

A

Located bilaterally in the ethmoid bone

3 divisions (anterior, middle, posterior)

Small cavities of varying sizes

55
Q

Drainage of the anterior ethmoid sinus

A

Via anterior ethmoidal Ostia into the middle nasal meatus above the hiatus semilunaris

56
Q

Drainage of the middle ethmoid sinus

A

Via middle ethmoidal Ostia into the middle nasal meatus above the bulla ethmoidalis

57
Q

Drainage of the posterior ethmoid sinus

A

Via posterior ethmoidal Ostia into the superior nasal meatus along The spheno-ethmoidal recess

58
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

Largest of the paranasal sinuses and significant to dentistry

Located bilaterally in body of the maxilla, just superior and posterior to the maxillary pre-molars and extending over the maxillary molars

Size varies to the individual and their age

Drain via maxillary ostia into the middle nasal meatus along the hiatus semilunaris

59
Q

Primary sinusitis

A

Congestion and inflammation caused by allergies and infection

Symptoms- headache, foul smelling/tasting nasal drainage, fever and weakness

Serious complications – Spread of infection to ethmoid and sphenoid = close proximity to the cavernous sinus and optic nerve

60
Q

Blockage of the ostia

A

Prevents normal Eric’s change and drainage; may require surgery to enlarge the ostia openings to restore function

Chronic maxillary sinusitis is common; ostia is superior to the floor of the sinus cavity, this may also require surgery

61
Q

Secondary sinusitis

A

Inflammation from another source, an infection or trauma associated with a posterior maxillary tooth; such as a periapical and/or periodontal infection or surgical trauma

62
Q

Sinus perforation

A

Hole in the wall of the sinus, can occur with an infection or a surgical complication of an extraction or sinus lift. Requires additional surgery to repair

63
Q

Dental pain

A

Sinus infections can cause tooth pain, due to pressure from the infected sinus on the apical periodontium of the tooth

No decay or abscess

64
Q

Aging and tooth loss

A

Affect the maxillary sinuses

Maxillary sinuses enlarge with aging, may surround the roots of the posterior maxillary teeth and extend into the body of the zygomatic bone

Loss of the posterior maxillary teeth allows the maxillary sinus to expand further resorbing the alveolar process to a thin shell

65
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Suspended horizontally on the neck. No bone articulations

Posteriorly suspended from the styloid processes of the Stylohyoid ligament

Anteriorly suspended from the thyroid cartilage by the thyrohyoid membrane

66
Q

Function of the hyoid bone

A

Formed the base of the tongue and larynx and serves for many muscle attachments

Mobility aids in mastication, swallowing and phonation

67
Q

Components of the higher the phone

A

5 parts

Body
Greater Cornu (horns,2)
Lesser Cornu (horns,2)
68
Q

Oral Tori

A

Bony enlargements

Found on: the median Palatine Raphe, just inferior to mandibular premolars or on the facial and buccal aspects of the alveolar process

69
Q

Facial bone fractures

A

Affect several bones and soft tissues due to the many articulation and close Association of soft tissues

70
Q

Frontal bone fracture

A

May affect the forehead and eyes

71
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Bilateral joint Located between the temporal bone and mandible found just anterior to the tragus of the ear

Enables the mandible to move during phonation and mastication

Innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

72
Q

Movements of the temporomandibular joint

A

Rotational- A long transverse access, allows the mandible to open and close

Gliding- Along an incline plane, allows the mandible to move forward and backward

Combination movements- Allows for the finer movements needed for opening closing and shifting during speech and mastication

Power stroke- Movement is utilized during mastication when the teeth crush food

73
Q

Articular eminence of the Temporal bone

A

Round, raised bony structure, stop point for the moving mandibular condyle

74
Q

Articular Fossa (mandibular/Glenoid)

A

Depression where mandibular condyle articulates

75
Q

Postglenoid process

A

Sharp Ridge, just posterior to articular Fossa

76
Q

Articulating surface of the condyle

A

Head of the condyles, superior surface

77
Q

Joint capsule

A

Completely encloses the TMJ

Superiorly covering the articular eminence and articular fossa

Inferiorly covering the mandibular condyles onto the neck of the condyles

78
Q

Articular disc (meniscus of the TMJ)

A

Biconcave desk located in the capsule between the temporal bone and mandibular condyles

79
Q

Synovial cavities

A

Divided by articular desk into upper synovial cavity and lower synovial cavity

80
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricates the joint, fills the synovial cavities

Secretions are produced by membrane lining the synovial cavities

81
Q

TMJ ligaments

A

Form from bands of fibrous connective tissue

Temporomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenoidmandibular ligament

82
Q

Temporomandibular ligament

A

Located on the lateral sides of each joint, extends from the posterior surface of the neck of the condyle to the zygomatic arch

Functions in reinforcement of the joint capsule and prevents excessive retraction of mandible

83
Q

Stylomandibular ligament

A

Located on the posteriomedial surface of the ramus, extends from the styloid process of temporal bone to the angle of the mandible

Prevents the mandible from protruding too far

84
Q

Sphenoidmandibular ligament

A

Located on the medial side of the ramus, extends from the angular spine of the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandibular foramen

Prevents the mandible from protruding too far

85
Q

TMJ dysfunction (TMD)

A

Acute or chronic joint tenderness, swelling, muscle spasms, limited or deviated opening of the mandible

referred pain to the head and neck region: ears, neck, shoulders etc.

86
Q

Causes of TMD

A

Clenching and bruxism, malocclusion‘s, posterior bite collapse, trauma

87
Q

Treatment of TMD

A

Diagnosis through head and neck exam with palpation of the TMJ and MRI

Treatment uses relaxation therapy, stress management to consciously control clenching and grinding

OTC pain control, RX pain control and/or RX muscle relaxants. Orthodontic correction of malocclusion, replacement of missing posterior teeth, night/occlusal guard

88
Q

TMJ sounds

A

Disc displacement, posterior portion of the disc gets caught between the head of the condyle and the articular eminence

Popping, clicking, grinding

89
Q

Subluxation or partial dislocation of both TMJ joints

A

Patient cannot close the mandible

Condyles have moved too far forward on to the articular eminence

Clinic chairside, have patient illicit their gag reflex, this may help to spontaneously reduce jaw dislocation

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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