Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Local Anesthesia > Flashcards

Local Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve do

A

Provides sensory/afferent innervation for The Teeth, periodontium and gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of anesthetic is most effective in the maxillary arch and why?

A

Infiltration because the bone is less dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of anesthesia is required for the mandibular arch and why?

A

Nerve block is required because bone is very dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does local infiltration do?

A

Anesthetizes a small area, 1 to 2 teeth by injecting near the tooth apices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a nerve block do

A

Anesthetize is a larger area, 3 to 8 teeth by injecting near the nerve trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the target area for a posterior superior alveolar block

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve with dental and alveolar branches (posterior superior alveolar foramen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the injection site for the posterior superior alveolar block?

A

Mucobuccal fold at the Apex of the maxillary second molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which tissues are anesthetized by PSA

A

Hard tissue- DB root and palatal root of the first molar, second and third molars; associated periodontium (PDL and alveolar bone)

Soft tissue: buccal a gingiva and cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the target area for the MSA block

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve with dental and alveolar branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Injection site for an MSA block

A

Mucobuccal fold at the Apex of the maxillary second pre-Molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tissues anesthetized by an MSA

A

Hard tissue- first and second pre-molars, MB root of first molar; associated periodontium

Soft tissue- Buccal a gingiva and cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Target area for ASA block

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve with dental and alveolar branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Injection site for ASA block

A

Mucobuccal fold at the Apex of the canine just mesial to the canine eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tissues anesthetized by an ASA

A

Hard tissue- canine and incisors

Soft tissue- Facial gingiva and lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Target area for an infraorbital block

A

Infraorbital nerve which includes both anterior and middle superior alveolar with dental and alveolar branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Injection site for an infraorbital block

A

Mucobuccal fold at the Apex of the maxillary first pre-Molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tissues anesthetized by infraorbital block

A

Hard tissue- incisors, canine, premolars and MB root of the first molar

Soft tissue- facial and buccal gingiva, cheek and lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Target area for the greater Palatine block

A

Greater Palatine nerve at the greater Palatine for foramen, palatal to the first molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Injection site for the greater Palatine block

A

Junction of the alveolar process and the hard palate, just distal to the first molar

20
Q

Tissues anesthetized by the greater Palatine block

A

No hard tissues

Soft tissue: palatal a gingiva from gingiva margins to the midline, and from distal of the canine to distal of the third molar

21
Q

Target area for a Nasopalatine block

A

Nasopalatine nerve at the incisive foramen just lingual to the central incisors

22
Q

Injection site for the nasopalatine block

A

Just lateral to the incisive papilla

23
Q

Tissues anesthetized by the NP block

A

No hard tissue

Soft tissue: palatal gingiva from canine to canine 

24
Q

Target area for the inferior alveolar block (inferior alveolar nerve with lingual nerve; mandibular block)

A

Inferior alveolar nerve superior to mandibular foramen, this anesthetizes the lingual nerve also

25
Q

Injection site for the inferior alveolar block

A

Medial surface of the ramus, distal to the last molar, 6 to 10 mm superior to the occlusal surface, between the coronoid notch and the Pterygomandibular line/Raphe

26
Q

Tissues anesthetized by IA block

A

Hard tissues- molars, pre-molars, canine and incisors to midline

Soft tissue: facial gingiva anterior to the mental foramen and lip

27
Q

Target area for the lingual nerve block

A

Lingual nerve

28
Q

Injection site for the lingual nerve block

A

This nerve branch is anesthetized when you administer the mandibular block

29
Q

Tissues anesthetized by lingual block

A

No hard tissue

All lingual gingiva from the last molar to the midline; anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the floor of the mouth

30
Q

Target area for the buccal/long buccal block

A

Buccal nerve

31
Q

Injection site for the buccal block

A

Buccal tissue on the anterior border of the ramus just distal and buccal to the last molar in the arch

32
Q

Tissues anesthetized by buccal block

A

No hard tissue

Buccal gingiva of the molars

33
Q

Target area for the incisive block

A

Incisive branch of inferior alveolar at the mental foramen; the inferior alveolar bifurcates at the mental foramen to form the incisive nerve and the mental nerve

34
Q

Injection site for the incisive block

A

Mucobuccal fold between the apices of the pre-molars

35
Q

Tissues anesthetized by the incisive block

A

Hard tissues: incisive nerve. Premolars, canine and incisors

Soft tissue: mental nerve. Facial and buccal gingiva and lip anterior to the mental foramen

36
Q

What happens when a toxic drug overdose occurs

A

Circulating blood level of the drug becomes Too high and reaches a toxic level for the individual

37
Q

Typical causes of overdose

A

Intravascular injection: prevented by aspiration prior to deposition of the anesthetic

Excessive total drug dose: affected by drug volumes, drug choice, patient weight, age, physical medical status

Rapid absorption into the circulatory system: affected by rate of injection, presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor or vascularity of injection site

Reduced elimination and/or metabolism of drug: reduced kidney or liver function, circulation, as a result of congestive heart failure



38
Q

Allergies and anesthesia

A

Rare with amide drugs

Symptoms range from mild localized erythema or itching to anaphylaxis or laryngeal Edema

Onset may occur within a few seconds to several hours

39
Q

What are the most common allergens found in anesthetics

A

Sodium bisulfite which is an antioxidant/preservative or Ester topical anesthetic

40
Q

Cause and symptoms of psychogenic reactions to anesthesia

A

Caused by anxiety response to the injection procedure

Symptoms include Vasodepressor syncope and hyperventilation.

41
Q

Trismus

A

Spasms of the jar muscles that restrict opening or make it uncomfortable, occurs with IA block and PSA block

42
Q

Hematoma

A

Blood from the vein leaks into the surrounding tissues; can occur with any injection, especially with the PSA, Ayo and IEA blocks; aspiration should always be attempted to avoid injecting into a blood vessel

43
Q

Needle track infection

A

Can occur with any injection, most serious with the PSA due to close proximity of the pterygoid Venous plexus and the maxillary artery; and with the IA due to close proximity to the parotid gland

44
Q

Paresthesia

A

Trauma to nerve resulting in persistent anesthesia, usually lasting a few days or weeks; may persist for months to a year and/or become permanent

45
Q

Epithelial desquamation

A

Tissue sloughing. May follow prolonged application of topical anesthetic

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions