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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central NS composed of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of

A

Nerve ganglion and nerves outside the spinal cord

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3
Q

Afferent NS

A

Sensory

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4
Q

Efferent NS

A

Motor

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5
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

Sympathetic NA

A

Fight or flight

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7
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest

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8
Q

Cerebrum

A

Two hemispheres: coordinates sensory data and motor functions and governs aspects of intelligence, reasoning, learning and memory

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Muscle coordination, muscle tone, posture and balance

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10
Q

Diencephalon

A

Composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus

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11
Q

Thalamus

A

Central relay point for incoming impulses

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates homeostasis and links the central nervous system to the endocrine system

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13
Q

Midbrain

A

Relays hearing, vision and motor impulses

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14
Q

Pons

A

Connects medulla and cerebellum and contains neural cell bodies for cranial nerves V and VI

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15
Q

Medulla

A

Regulates heartbeat, breathing, vasoconstriction and reflexes. Contains tongue motor neurons

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16
Q

Spinal cord

A

Composed of gray and white brain matter, carries impulses to and away from the brain and skeletal/muscle reflexes

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17
Q

Somatic NS

A

Afferent

Efferent

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18
Q

General somatic afferent (GSA)

A

Related to the receptors for pain, temperature and mechanical stimuli in structures such as skin, muscles and joints

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19
Q

Special somatic afferent ((SSA)

A

Related to the special senses of sight, hearing and equilibrium

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20
Q

Efferent NS

A

General somatic efferent (GSE)- Innervate skeletal muscles

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21
Q

Visceral portion of peripheral nervous system

A

Afferent

Efferent

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22
Q

General visceral afferent (GVA)

A

Related to the receptors for pain and temperature and visceral structures such as the walls of the digestive tract

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23
Q

Special visceral afferent (SVA)

A

Related to the special senses of smell and taste

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24
Q

General visceral efferent (GVE)

A

From Preganglionic autonomic fibers to glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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25
Q

Special visceral afferent (SVE)

A

Innervate muscles of the face, larynx and pharynx

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26
Q

Olfactory nerve- cranial nerve I

A

Special sense - smell; SVA

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27
Q

Optic nerve- cranial nerve II

A

Special sense- version SSA

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28
Q

Oculomotor nerve- cranial nerve III

A

motor (voluntary) to eye muscles, GSE

Motor (parasympathetic) to culinary muscles and iris, GVE

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29
Q

Trochlear nerve- cranial nerve IV

A

Motor (voluntary) to eye muscles , GSE

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30
Q

Trigeminal nerve- V cranial nerve

A

Sensory for face, scalp, nasal and oral cavities; GSA

Motor (voluntary) muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior digastric; SVE

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31
Q

Abducens nerve- VI cranial nerve

A

Motor (voluntary) to eye muscles; GSE

32
Q

Facial nerve- VII Cranial nerve

A

Sensory from internal auditory meatus; GSA
Special sense taste, anterior 2/3 tongue; SVA
Motor (parasympathetic) to lacrimal, sublingual, submandibular glands; SVE
Motor (voluntary) two muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, platysma; GVE

33
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve/auditory nerve- VIII cranial nerve

A

Special senses for hearing and balance; SSA

34
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve- XI cranial nerve 

A

Sensory for middle ear, posterior tongue, gag reflex; GSA

Special sense taste, posterior 1/3 tongue; SVA

Motor (parasympathetic) to parotid gland; SVE

35
Q

Vagus nerve- X cranial nerve

A

Sensory mucosa of pharynx, soft palate, larynx, external auditory meatus; GSA

Special sense taste, pharynx; SVA

Motor (parasympathetic) two major thoracic and abdominal viscera; SVE

motor (voluntary) to muscles of pharynx, soft palate, larynx; GVE

36
Q

Spinal accessory nerve/accessory nerve- XI Cranial nerve

A

Motor (voluntary) trapezius, SEM, muscles of palate, pharynx, larynx; SVE

37
Q

Hypoglossal nerve- XII Cranial nerve 

A

motor (voluntary) to tongue muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic, except palatoglossus) & posterior belly of the digastric muscle; GSE

38
Q

Trigeminal ganglion

A

Anterior to the ganglion is where the three sensory roots form, the motor route is only associated with the mandibular division

39
Q

Three divisions of the trigeminal ganglion

A

DI- ophthalmic/sensory root, afferent fibers only
DII- maxillary/sensory root, afferent fibers only
DIII- mandibular/sensory and motor roots. Has both afferent and efferent fibers

40
Q

Ophthalmic division

A

Sensory only, superior orbital fissure

41
Q

Lacrimal nerve

A

Lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, lateral upper eyelid

42
Q

Nasociliary nerve

A

Ciliary nerve- ciliary muscle and iris

Anterior ethmoidal N- ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, nasal mucosa and skin of lower nose

Infratrochlear N- skin of bridge of nose and lower eyelid

43
Q

Frontal nerve

A

Supraorbital N- lateral forehead, scalp, upper eyelid and frontal sinuses

Supratrochlear N- medial forehead and upper eyelid

44
Q

Nerves of the maxillary division II

A

Zygomatic nerve- zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial

Posterior superior alveolar (PSA)

Infraorbital (IO)- anterior superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar

45
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve innervate

A

Skin of temple

Skin of cheek

46
Q

What does the ASA of the infraorbital nerve innervate?

A

Incisors- central’s, laterals, canines. Labial gingiva and periodontium

47
Q

What does the MSA of the infraorbital nerve innervate?

A

Pre-molars. Mesiobuccal root of the first molar, buccal gingiva, periodontium

48
Q

Palpebral nerve

A

Lower eyelid

49
Q

Superior labial nerve

A

Upper lip and mucosa

50
Q

What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve innervate

A

Distobuccal and palatal roots of the first molar, second and third molars, buccal gingiva, periodontium and maxillary sinuses

51
Q

Branches of the descending Palatine nerve of the maxillary division

A

Lateral nasal branches- lateral nasal mucosa

Greater Palatine- posterior hard palate and posterior palatal gingiva

Lesser Palatine- Soft palate and Palatine tonsils

52
Q

What does the Nasopalatine nerve innervate

A

Roof of nasal cavity, nasal septum and anterior hard palate and anterior palatal gingiva; travels through incisive canal to incisive foramen

53
Q

What does the anterior trunk of the mandibular division innervate

A

Muscles of mastication and gingiva

54
Q

What does the posterior trunk of the mandibular division innervate

A

Mandibular Teeth, tongue, muscles of mastication and gingiva

55
Q

Nerves of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve

A

Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerve- Temporalis muscle

Lateral pterygoid nerve- lateral pterygoid muscle

Buccal nerve or long buccal nerve- skin of cheek, buckle mucosa and buccal periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular molars (afferent)

Mesenteric nerve- Masseter muscle

56
Q

Nerves of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve DIII

A 
Auriculotemporal
Lingual
Mylohyoid
Inferior alveolar
Meningeal branches
Medial pterygoid nerve

57
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve

A

Innervates the external ear and scalp and parotid gland

58
Q

Lingual nerve

A

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue, lingual gingiva and floor of mouth

59
Q

Mylohyoid nerve

A

Mylohyoid and anteriors a digastric muscles and some individuals. Mandibular first molar

60
Q

Inferior alveolar (IA)

A

Dental and alveolar branches- posterior teeth

Mental- Innervates the skin of the chin and lower lip and labial mucosa

Incisive- lower anterior teeth and gingiva

61
Q

Meningeal branches

A

Afferent fibers for area Dura matter

62
Q

Medial pterygoid nerve

A

Afferent fibers for medial pterygoid muscle, tensor veli Pallattini muscle and tensor Tympani (middle ear)

63
Q

Lingual nerve

A

Shows communication with the submandibular ganglion (facial nerve)

Innervate The tongue (sensory)

64
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia/ tic douloureux

A
  • Anatomical anomaly of the maxillary artery causing pressure on the trigeminal nerve
  • viral: latent herpes viral
  • treatment: medications; antivirals, steroids, gabapentin. Surgery; microvascular decompression
65
Q

Trigeminal trauma

A

Surgical extraction of mandibular third molars

Local anesthesia injection for inferior alveolar nerve

66
Q

Branches of the facial nerve- VII Cranial

A

Greater petrosal nerve

Chorda tympani nerve

Posterior auricular nerve

Branch to digastric muscle

Branch to stylohyoid muscle

67
Q

Greater petrosal nerve

A

Joins maxillary nerve to the pterygopalatine ganglion for postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland, nasal cavity glands and minor salivary glands (hard and soft palate)

Afferent fibers for palatal taste sensation

68
Q

Chorda tympani nerve

A

Joins the lingual nerve to the sub lingual ganglion for postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to sub mandibular and sublingual salivary glands; afferent fibers for anterior 2/3 tongue, taste sensation

69
Q

Divisions of facial nerve within the parotid gland

A 
Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Mandibular Branch
Cervical branch
70
Q

Temporal branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

A

Epicranial, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii

71
Q

Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

A

Orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major and minor muscles

72
Q

Buccal branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

A

Levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, buccinator, risorius, orbicularis oris

73
Q

Mandibular branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

A

Depressor anguli Oris, depressor labii inferioris, and mentalis muscles

74
Q

Cervical branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

A

Platysma muscle

75
Q

Facial paralysis

A

Facial nerve trauma, nerve grafting surgery

76
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Facial nerve
Viral, herpes, and sometimes as a result of lymes disease
Treatment; antivirals and steroids; and add antibiotics if lymes disease. Facial nerve decompression surgery

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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