Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
What is the central NS composed of?
A
Brain and spinal cord
2
Q
What is the peripheral nervous system composed of
A
Nerve ganglion and nerves outside the spinal cord
3
Q
Afferent NS
A
Sensory
4
Q
Efferent NS
A
Motor
5
Q
Autonomic NS
A
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
6
Q
Sympathetic NA
A
Fight or flight
7
Q
Parasympathetic
A
Rest and digest
8
Q
Cerebrum
A
Two hemispheres: coordinates sensory data and motor functions and governs aspects of intelligence, reasoning, learning and memory
9
Q
Cerebellum
A
Muscle coordination, muscle tone, posture and balance
10
Q
Diencephalon
A
Composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus
11
Q
Thalamus
A
Central relay point for incoming impulses
12
Q
Hypothalamus
A
Regulates homeostasis and links the central nervous system to the endocrine system
13
Q
Midbrain
A
Relays hearing, vision and motor impulses
14
Q
Pons
A
Connects medulla and cerebellum and contains neural cell bodies for cranial nerves V and VI
15
Q
Medulla
A
Regulates heartbeat, breathing, vasoconstriction and reflexes. Contains tongue motor neurons
16
Q
Spinal cord
A
Composed of gray and white brain matter, carries impulses to and away from the brain and skeletal/muscle reflexes
17
Q
Somatic NS
A
Afferent
Efferent
18
Q
General somatic afferent (GSA)
A
Related to the receptors for pain, temperature and mechanical stimuli in structures such as skin, muscles and joints
19
Q
Special somatic afferent ((SSA)
A
Related to the special senses of sight, hearing and equilibrium
20
Q
Efferent NS
A
General somatic efferent (GSE)- Innervate skeletal muscles
21
Q
Visceral portion of peripheral nervous system
A
Afferent
Efferent
22
Q
General visceral afferent (GVA)
A
Related to the receptors for pain and temperature and visceral structures such as the walls of the digestive tract
23
Q
Special visceral afferent (SVA)
A
Related to the special senses of smell and taste
24
Q
General visceral efferent (GVE)
A
From Preganglionic autonomic fibers to glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
25
Special visceral afferent (SVE)
Innervate muscles of the face, larynx and pharynx
26
Olfactory nerve- cranial nerve I
Special sense - smell; SVA
27
Optic nerve- cranial nerve II
Special sense- version SSA
28
Oculomotor nerve- cranial nerve III
motor (voluntary) to eye muscles, GSE
Motor (parasympathetic) to culinary muscles and iris, GVE
29
Trochlear nerve- cranial nerve IV
Motor (voluntary) to eye muscles , GSE
30
Trigeminal nerve- V cranial nerve
Sensory for face, scalp, nasal and oral cavities; GSA
Motor (voluntary) muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior digastric; SVE
31
Abducens nerve- VI cranial nerve
Motor (voluntary) to eye muscles; GSE
32
Facial nerve- VII Cranial nerve
Sensory from internal auditory meatus; GSA
Special sense taste, anterior 2/3 tongue; SVA
Motor (parasympathetic) to lacrimal, sublingual, submandibular glands; SVE
Motor (voluntary) two muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, platysma; GVE
33
Vestibulocochlear nerve/auditory nerve- VIII cranial nerve
Special senses for hearing and balance; SSA
34
Glossopharyngeal nerve- XI cranial nerve 
Sensory for middle ear, posterior tongue, gag reflex; GSA
Special sense taste, posterior 1/3 tongue; SVA
Motor (parasympathetic) to parotid gland; SVE
35
Vagus nerve- X cranial nerve
Sensory mucosa of pharynx, soft palate, larynx, external auditory meatus; GSA
Special sense taste, pharynx; SVA
Motor (parasympathetic) two major thoracic and abdominal viscera; SVE
motor (voluntary) to muscles of pharynx, soft palate, larynx; GVE
36
Spinal accessory nerve/accessory nerve- XI Cranial nerve
Motor (voluntary) trapezius, SEM, muscles of palate, pharynx, larynx; SVE
37
Hypoglossal nerve- XII Cranial nerve 
motor (voluntary) to tongue muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic, except palatoglossus) & posterior belly of the digastric muscle; GSE
38
Trigeminal ganglion
Anterior to the ganglion is where the three sensory roots form, the motor route is only associated with the mandibular division
39
Three divisions of the trigeminal ganglion
DI- ophthalmic/sensory root, afferent fibers only
DII- maxillary/sensory root, afferent fibers only
DIII- mandibular/sensory and motor roots. Has both afferent and efferent fibers
40
Ophthalmic division
Sensory only, superior orbital fissure
41
Lacrimal nerve
Lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, lateral upper eyelid
42
Nasociliary nerve
Ciliary nerve- ciliary muscle and iris
Anterior ethmoidal N- ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, nasal mucosa and skin of lower nose
Infratrochlear N- skin of bridge of nose and lower eyelid
43
Frontal nerve
Supraorbital N- lateral forehead, scalp, upper eyelid and frontal sinuses
Supratrochlear N- medial forehead and upper eyelid
44
Nerves of the maxillary division II
Zygomatic nerve- zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial
Posterior superior alveolar (PSA)
Infraorbital (IO)- anterior superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar
45
What does the zygomatic nerve innervate
Skin of temple
Skin of cheek
46
What does the ASA of the infraorbital nerve innervate?
Incisors- central’s, laterals, canines. Labial gingiva and periodontium
47
What does the MSA of the infraorbital nerve innervate?
Pre-molars. Mesiobuccal root of the first molar, buccal gingiva, periodontium
48
Palpebral nerve
Lower eyelid
49
Superior labial nerve
Upper lip and mucosa
50
What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve innervate
Distobuccal and palatal roots of the first molar, second and third molars, buccal gingiva, periodontium and maxillary sinuses
51
Branches of the descending Palatine nerve of the maxillary division
Lateral nasal branches- lateral nasal mucosa
Greater Palatine- posterior hard palate and posterior palatal gingiva
Lesser Palatine- Soft palate and Palatine tonsils
52
What does the Nasopalatine nerve innervate
Roof of nasal cavity, nasal septum and anterior hard palate and anterior palatal gingiva; travels through incisive canal to incisive foramen
53
What does the anterior trunk of the mandibular division innervate
Muscles of mastication and gingiva
54
What does the posterior trunk of the mandibular division innervate
Mandibular Teeth, tongue, muscles of mastication and gingiva
55
Nerves of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve
Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerve- Temporalis muscle
Lateral pterygoid nerve- lateral pterygoid muscle
Buccal nerve or long buccal nerve- skin of cheek, buckle mucosa and buccal periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular molars (afferent)
Mesenteric nerve- Masseter muscle
56
Nerves of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve DIII
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Auriculotemporal
Lingual
Mylohyoid
Inferior alveolar
Meningeal branches
Medial pterygoid nerve

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57
Auriculotemporal nerve
Innervates the external ear and scalp and parotid gland
58
Lingual nerve
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue, lingual gingiva and floor of mouth
59
Mylohyoid nerve
Mylohyoid and anteriors a digastric muscles and some individuals. Mandibular first molar
60
Inferior alveolar (IA)
Dental and alveolar branches- posterior teeth
Mental- Innervates the skin of the chin and lower lip and labial mucosa
Incisive- lower anterior teeth and gingiva
61
Meningeal branches
Afferent fibers for area Dura matter
62
Medial pterygoid nerve
Afferent fibers for medial pterygoid muscle, tensor veli Pallattini muscle and tensor Tympani (middle ear)
63
Lingual nerve
Shows communication with the submandibular ganglion (facial nerve)
Innervate The tongue (sensory)
64
Trigeminal neuralgia/ tic douloureux
- Anatomical anomaly of the maxillary artery causing pressure on the trigeminal nerve
- viral: latent herpes viral
- treatment: medications; antivirals, steroids, gabapentin. Surgery; microvascular decompression
65
Trigeminal trauma
Surgical extraction of mandibular third molars
Local anesthesia injection for inferior alveolar nerve
66
Branches of the facial nerve- VII Cranial
Greater petrosal nerve
Chorda tympani nerve
Posterior auricular nerve
Branch to digastric muscle
Branch to stylohyoid muscle
67
Greater petrosal nerve
Joins maxillary nerve to the pterygopalatine ganglion for postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland, nasal cavity glands and minor salivary glands (hard and soft palate)
Afferent fibers for palatal taste sensation
68
Chorda tympani nerve
Joins the lingual nerve to the sub lingual ganglion for postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to sub mandibular and sublingual salivary glands; afferent fibers for anterior 2/3 tongue, taste sensation
69
Divisions of facial nerve within the parotid gland
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Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Mandibular Branch
Cervical branch
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70
Temporal branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland
Epicranial, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii
71
Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland
Orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major and minor muscles
72
Buccal branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland
Levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, buccinator, risorius, orbicularis oris
73
Mandibular branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland
Depressor anguli Oris, depressor labii inferioris, and mentalis muscles
74
Cervical branch of the facial nerve within the parotid gland
Platysma muscle
75
Facial paralysis
Facial nerve trauma, nerve grafting surgery
76
Bell’s palsy
Facial nerve
Viral, herpes, and sometimes as a result of lymes disease
Treatment; antivirals and steroids; and add antibiotics if lymes disease. Facial nerve decompression surgery
